Malaria and leishmaniasis are diseases with a significant socioeconomic impact, exacerbated by the resistance and toxicity of available treatments, which drives the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Traditional communities use Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) tea for liver treatment and as an antimalarial agent, constituting a valuable starting point for scientific investigations into its bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania amazonensis to the action of metabolites present in crude extracts of different plant structures of B. excelsa. Based on the results obtained, a scientific article was prepared, structured according to the institutional norms for academic work of this type. Samples consisting of stem bark, fruit, and operculum (the structure inside the fruit) were collected from native Amazonian trees in Porto Velho/RO. The plant samples, dried in an oven, had their metabolites extracted using water at room temperature (25°C), water at 100°C, and methanol. Once dried, the crude extracts were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMSn) using a C18 column and electrospray ionization in positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) modes. Analyte identification was performed using MS Dial 5.1 software. The results reveal an abundance of secondary metabolites, described for the first time in B. excelsa, belonging to the classes of flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenes (triterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and monoterpenes), expanding knowledge about the diversity and chemical richness of this species. The identified metabolites, aligned with the biological activities described in the literature, confirm the biological potential of this species. Biological assays demonstrated significant antioxidant activity against the DPPH free radical, with minimum IC50 values of 1.48 µg/mL for the stem bark extract, 14.15 µg/mL for the fruit extract, and 13.25 µg/mL for the operculum extract. Additionally, they exhibited potent inhibitory activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, with inhibitions between 80 and 100% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The minimum IC50 values for this antiplasmodial activity were 2.38 µg/mL for the stem bark extract, 9.41 µg/mL for the fruit extract, and 30.36 µg/mL for the operculum extract, scientifically validating the traditional use of Brazil nut. It was also found that the crude extracts of stem bark and fruit showed greater selectivity for the parasite than for the HePG2 and VERO cell lines, justifying further studies. However, no relevant minimum inhibitory activities were observed against the tested L. amazonensis species. These results highlight the importance of ethnobotanical knowledge as a guide for bioprospecting, demonstrate the potential and importance of Amazonian biodiversity as a source of new bioactive compounds, and reinforce the need for the preservation of plant species in the region.

The Iquiri National Forest (FLONA do Iquiri), located in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon, is home to traditional communities whose livelihood is deeply connected to the sustainable management of natural resources. This study aimed to conduct a socio-economic and environmental assessment of these communities, with an emphasis on agro-extractive activities, in order to understand their productive dynamics, identify challenges, and propose strategies to strengthen social production while promoting environmental conservation. The research adopted a transdisciplinary and participatory approach, applying 24 semi-structured interviews with farmers and extractivists living in the unit. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and content analysis. Six agricultural products were identified (with cassava present in 100% of the families) and five plant-based extractive products, such as Brazil nuts (collected by all 24 families), copaiba oil (produced by 21 families), sorva, vine, and acai. The average annual family income from extractive activities was estimated at R$ 11,166.91, with Brazil nuts and copaiba standing out. In agriculture, cassava generated an average annual income of R$ 3,747.92 per family. The data also revealed the central role of women in agricultural and extractive management and the strong dependence of communities on the seasonality of natural resources. The feasibility analysis showed that, despite productive potential, the communities face limitations related to infrastructure, precarious river transport, lack of local processing, and dependence on middlemen, which reduces the added value of the products. Comparative experiences with other Conservation Units, such as FLONA do Tapajos, demonstrated that the adoption of integrated public policies, combined with community organization and technical support, can significantly increase the economic sustainability of agro-extractive activities. It is concluded that FLONA do Iquiri presents high potential to consolidate sustainable management practices that reconcile forest conservation, strengthening of family-base economy, and appreciation of traditional knowledge of local populations, serving as a model for socio-environmental development in the Amazon. We thank partner institutions, interviewees, colleagues, and my advisor for making this work possible.

This dissertation assessed the functional trajectory of the Bom Futuro National Forest, a protected area located in Porto Velho, Rondônia, using biophysical indicators derived from the PySEBAL algorithm and counterfactual scenarios based on Random Forest models. The first chapter analyzed the temporal trajectory of aboveground biomass production (AGBp), biomass deficit (AGBd), and biomass water productivity (WPb) during the dry season from 2013 to 2025, using Landsat 8 imagery. The Mann–Kendall test with autocorrelation correction, Sen’s slope estimator, Pettitt’s change-point test, and the Wilcoxon test with Cohen’s d estimator were applied, segmented across seven edge zones. The results indicated consistent functional decline: AGBp showed a significant negative trend in approximately 30% of the analyzed area, with a median rate of −2.889 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ year⁻¹ and a more intense deterioration gradient in edge zones; WPb exhibited a structural break in 2020 in more than 50% of stable pixels, with no recovery in subsequent years; AGBd confirmed the intensification of water stress after the break. The second chapter employed Random Forest models with spatial block cross-validation to construct counterfactual impact assessment scenarios across seven areas subjected to ecological restoration interventions. The models showed satisfactory performance for biomass and water productivity variables (CV R² between 0.925 and 0.963), and the endogeneity diagnosis, based on mean-shift Z-scores, did not identify violations of the exogeneity assumption in any of the 52 tests performed. Impact estimates were predominantly negative in the first six years post-intervention, interpreted as a reflection of non-stationarity caused by the 2020 regime shift, which compromises the extrapolation of the counterfactual baseline. A positive reversal trend observed in years 7 and 8 post-intervention is consistent with late-stage functional recovery patterns described in the literature. It is concluded that the Bom Futuro National Forest exhibits progressive metabolic deterioration, aggravated by a functional regime shift beginning in 2020, and that the integration of PySEBAL, non-parametric time series analysis, and machine learning-based counterfactual modeling constitutes an operationally viable approach for large-scale ecological restoration monitoring in the Amazon.

Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is a complex phenomenon, whose drivers are widely debated in the scientific literature, but frequently analyzed at aggregate scales that obscure local dynamics. This work investigated the drivers of forest loss through a mixed-methods approach, combining a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and spatially explicit predictive modeling. The SLR, based on 135 articles, revealed a significant methodological bias: 79% of the drivers identified as relevant are concentrated at macro and meso-scales, generating a knowledge gap about the factors operating at the property level and within protected areas. To mitigate this gap, a case study was conducted in the Conservation Units (CUs) of Rondônia, using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm and the SHAP interpretability technique at a microscale (250 m resolution). The model obtained an average AUC of 0.81 and identified "distance to internal deforestation" as the variable with the greatest predictive power, demonstrating that pre-existing environmental liabilities act as catalysts for new conversions through a contagion effect. The results highlighted extreme institutional vulnerability, with the risk concentrated in state-managed and Sustainable Use protected areas, notably the Jaci-Paraná Extractive Reserve, suggesting that internal degradation precedes and justifies political processes of reduction or declassification of these areas (PADDD). It is concluded that the effective protection of protected areas depends not only on legal barriers, but also on the immediate containment of internal logistical expansion and the strengthening of governance at the state level.

Plants are used for various purposes, including medicinal ones, related to the traditional knowledge accumulated over years by extractive communities. This study aimed to investigate local knowledge about the diversity and use of plants for therapeutic purposes by residents of the Rio Ouro Preto Extractive Reserve – RO. Participants were selected using the snowball sampling method and interviewed using a questionnaire. The length of residence in the reserve ranged from 1 to 74 years. The group that cited the highest number of species was that composed of residents with 1 to 10 years of residence, totaling 42 species and an average of 4.22 species per person. In this research, 51% of the participants were men and 49% women. No significant differences in knowledge were observed according to gender; women cited an average of 4,725 plants, totaling 55 species mentioned, while men cited 68 species, with an average of 4,619 species per person. The vast majority of residents had incomplete primary education (n=48). People with incomplete primary education presented an average of 4.47 species citations per person. Knowledge transmission occurs through various channels, but mainly vertically (56), followed by multiple learning pathways (mixed) (16) and horizontally (5). The least cited forms were individual learning (4) and oblique learning (1). Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were the most cited botanical families. Regarding the plant parts used, aerial structures such as bark, leaves, and stems stand out in various forms of use/preparation, but mainly in the preparation of tea (62.53%), indicated for the treatment of diseases related to the digestive and respiratory systems and general symptoms. The results highlight the importance of medicinal plants for extractive communities, since they are one of the first resources used in the local health system.

White-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and collared peccaries (Dicotyles tajacu) are Neotropical ungulates of high ecological importance, playing key roles in tropical forest dynamics, but have experienced population declines due to forest fragmentation, habitat loss, and anthropogenic pressures, particularly in the Amazon. This study integratively analyzed the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the occurrence, relative abundance, and activity patterns of these species in the Sete de Setembro Indigenous Land (TISS), Rondônia, aiming to support management and conservation strategies in Indigenous territories. A systematic literature review following the PRISMA protocol was conducted to identify key environmental and anthropogenic drivers of T. pecari and D. tajacu occurrence and gaps in existing studies. In parallel, camera trap data from the TISS were analyzed to estimate relative abundance and characterize daily activity patterns and temporal overlap using independent records and circular statistics. Environmental and land-use variables derived from remote sensing, including vegetation structure and landscape metrics, were evaluated at multiple spatial scales using quantitative models. The results showed a higher number of independent records for D. tajacu, suggesting greater relative occurrence or detectability, while T. pecari was less frequently recorded. Both species were predominantly diurnal, with D. tajacu showing a clearly diurnal pattern and T. pecari a cathemeral pattern with greater temporal concentration of activity. Despite high temporal overlap, differences in daily time use were evident. The literature synthesis and multiscale analyses indicated that forest integrity, resource availability, and anthropogenic pressure strongly influence species occurrence, with T. pecari being more sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation and D. tajacu more tolerant of heterogeneous landscapes. Integrating temporal, spatial, and environmental information enhances understanding of the ecology of these species and provides critical insights for their conservation in Amazonian Indigenous territories.

The concept of One Health has gained prominence in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This concept emphasizes prevention and sustainability, linking human, animal, and environmental health. In this context, methodologies to assess animal and environmental health become necessary. The parasite-host-environment relationship highlights the importance of ecological balance and its implications for Public Health. Parasites are evolutionarily successful organisms, actively integrating ecological interrelationships and playing fundamental roles in ecosystems. Therefore, their significance should be recognized by public authorities and environmental managers when implementing methods for the restoration and conservation of water resources. Another analysis to consider is gill histology as an environmental biomarker for ecosystem quality assessments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risks associated with consuming fish from urban streams in the city of Porto Velho/RO, considering the presence of endoparasites with zoonotic potential. Through a systematic review using the PRISMA method, gaps were identified regarding the occurrence and prevalence of endoparasites in Oreochromis niloticus, as well as studies on ectoparasitism, most of which focused predominantly on the South and Northeast of Brazil. The lack of detailed investigations and specific methodologies for identifying endoparasites limits the understanding of zoonosis-related risks associated with consuming these fish. To address this gap, forty specimens of O. niloticus were collected from four urban streams in Porto Velho/RO. Necropsies were performed on the fish, and their intestines were collected for coproparasitological examination. The somatic musculature was analyzed under a stereomicroscope for parasite larvae, which were not observed. Conversely, a high incidence of eggs and larvae of enteroparasites common in humans and other mammals, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, Ancylostoma sp., Taenia sp., among others, indicated contamination of the water bodies by sewage discharge. The absence of parasites in the fish musculature may initially appear positive. However, the combination of the lack of common parasites in the musculature and the high infestation of eggs in the intestines reflects stream anthropization and inadequate sanitation, posing a significant risk to Public Health. This anthropization is corroborated by the gill analysis, where results showed a predominance of stage I and stage II adaptive alterations. These lesions are typical responses of fish exposed to pollution and reflect the organism’s efforts to minimize tissue damage. This scenario of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss is evidenced by the total absence of parasite larvae in the somatic muscle of the fish, the presence of parasite eggs common in humans in the intestinal lumen of these fish, and adaptive stage gill alterations. It is concluded that the analyzed fish not only highlight the critical state of urban streams but also serve as important bioindicators of the region's environmental and sanitary quality.

The sustainable use of Amazon forest resources is important not only for ecological
conservation but also for supporting local communities by strengthening their culture and
economy. Brazil nuts and cocoa, both emblematic products of the Amazon bioeconomy,
are examples of this potential. The objective of this study was to characterize, using
molecular markers, the germplasms of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and cacao
(Theobroma cacao) conserved in a working collection and a Germplasm Bank in the state
of Rondonia, respectively. For the genotyping of Brazil nuts, microsatellite markers were
used, while SNP markers were applied for cacao. Molecular marker data were used to
assess the genetic variability of the accessions and identify their degrees of relatedness.
Preliminary genetic analysis, using the software Genemapper, Clumpak, and Structure,
determined a Delta K value of 3 for both species. These results indicate a consistent
genetic structure, which can contribute to the management and conservation of genetic
resources within the Active Germplasm Bank for cacao and the Working Collection for
Brazil nuts.

Species' space use is influenced by complex interactions with the environment, directly impacting population dynamics and community structure. In the Amazon biome—one of the most biodiverse regions in the world—environmental variables such as diameter at breast height (DBH), palm tree abundance, and forest edge proximity affect vegetation structure and resource distribution, creating microhabitats that increase ecological complexity. The variation of these characteristics across the Amazon is associated with factors such as rainfall and geographic isolation, influencing local biodiversity patterns. This study analyzed the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of Plecturocebus caligatus (zogue-zogue) in the Purus-Madeira interfluve, southwestern Amazon, along the BR-319 highway. Autonomous sound recorders were deployed in four research modules distributed along an environmental gradient. The variables analyzed included DBH, palm tree density, and distance from the forest edge. Among the 9,954 recordings analyzed, 18 vocalizations of P. caligatus were detected, distributed across three distinct modules: one occurrence in module 8, nine in module 11, and eight in module 12. The results indicate a negative relationship between species occurrence and DBH, suggesting a preference for areas with younger or smaller vegetation. Additionally, P. caligatus was more frequently detected near forest edges, indicating a possible tolerance or even preference for transitional environments. The relationship with palm tree density showed a negative trend, suggesting that areas with higher palm abundance may be less favorable for the species' presence. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the environmental factors influencing the distribution of cryptic primates in the Amazon and may inform conservation strategies aimed at maintaining suitable habitats for Plecturocebus caligatus in regions facing increasing anthropogenic pressure.

Anopheles darlingi is the primary vector of malaria in the Amazon region, a hematophagous mosquito, highly anthropophilic, and susceptible to human Plasmodium species. Malaria is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in endemic areas. Therefore, strategies to aid in control and prevention are essential. The use of repellents is one of the main forms of protection against mosquito bites; however, synthetic repellents have been shown to be toxic to humans and cause ecological damage. In this context, the Amazon biodiversity offers significant biotechnological potential for the development of natural repellents. This study evaluated the repellent action of two Amazonian oils, Carapa guianensis (andiroba) and Copaifera multijuga (copaiba), against An. darlingi mosquitoes, determining their effective concentration and protection time. The mosquitoes used were obtained from the Malaria Vector Production and Infection Platform (PIVEM) of Fiocruz-RO, and the oils were sourced from an agro-extractive reserve in the Amazon region. Irritation tests conducted using the “Hen’s Egg Test Chorionallantoic Membrane” method indicated that the oils did not show any irritant effects. The repellency bioassays revealed that both andiroba and copaiba oils exhibited 100% repellent activity in their almost pure forms. The andiroba oil had an effective dose of ED50 of 0.54 mg/mL (54%) and ED99 of 0.89 mg/mL (89%), while copaiba oil showed an ED50 of 0.60 mg/mL (60%) and ED99 of 0.75 mg/mL (75%). In terms of protection time, although short, andiroba oil stood out by providing 120 minutes of protection, while copaiba oil offered 60 minutes. After the repellency bioassays, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with andiroba oil were developed with the aim of extending the repellent protection time. The production of these chitosan nanoparticles was carried out using a two-step method, first an oil-in-water emulsion, followed by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate. The resulting nanoparticles showed an encapsulation efficiency of 66.08% and 75.91% at concentrations of 0,12 mg/mL and 0,25 mg/mL, respectively, with an average diameter ranging from 12.50 nm to 378.50 nm and a zeta potential between +38.40 mV and +65.70 mV. The Amazonian oils demonstrated potential as natural repellents and can be a sustainable alternative to synthetic repellents. However, there is still a need to develop formulations that enhance their efficacy, aiming for long-lasting, safe, and environmentally friendly repellents. The standardization of repellency tests with oils from the Amazon is still under development for data presentation.

The Hymenophyllaceae family is considered the most representative basal family within the leptosporangiate ferns group with 600 species distributed in nine genera (Abrodictyum C.Presl, Callistopteris Copel, Cephalomanes C.Presl, Crepidomanes C.Presl, Didymoglossum Desv., Hymenophyllum Sw., Polyphlebium Copel., Trichomanes L., and Vandenboschia Copel.), in tropical and humid temperate regions of the world. For Brazil, 82 species are registered, of which 28 are of the genus Hymenophyllum and 55 of Trichomanes. The family presents a great variation in the form of life, substrate and preferred environment. Regarding the region that is home to the state of Rondônia, floristic and taxonomic studies of the family are still incipient. Therefore, the present work was designed with the aim of expanding floristic knowledge of the taxon in Rondônia, highlighting the importance of ferns and lycophytes in the composition of the regional flora. Records of occurrence and taxonomic treatment of specimens were obtained through digital platforms (GBIF, Specieslink, Reflora and MG), and the Herbarium Rondoniense collection. The data obtained demonstrated the occurrence of five genera (Abrodictyum, Didymoglossum, Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, and Vandenboschia) with a total of 23 species, of which two are presented as new records for the state of Rondônia, being Trichomanes macilentum Bosch. and T. accedens C.Presl.

Avoiding vector bites and vector control continue to be the most important lines of defense against the transmission of pathogens by mosquitoes. Repellents are effective because they act by preventing mosquito contact with the skin, in addition to the advantages of low cost, convenience, and ease of application. Considering the importance of evaluating new potentially repellent substances, the aim of this study was to evaluate different sources of stimulus and exposure times for the use of a new, easily constructed and handled prototype for bite protection tests with Aedes aegypti, with the goal of avoiding direct contact of the tested substances with human skin. To do this, bite protection tests were conducted using a polypropylene container measuring 11.5 x 10 x 7.5 cm, with a snap-on lid and two openings: (i) on the side of the container (1.56 cm) for mosquito insertion and removal; (ii) on the top (3.54 cm) for mosquito access to a polyamide screen (12 cm²), with a support edge made of EVA to prevent contact between the screen and the container. Groups of ten females aged 5 to 7 days, separated after 3 days of mating and fasting for 36 hours before the experiment, were pre-selected, inserted, and acclimated for five minutes. After this period, they were exposed to three sources of stimuli placed on the containers: (i) human blood, (ii) artificial food (SkitoSnack) using artificial feeders, and (iii) human forearm (N=20) during different time intervals (2, 5, and 10 minutes). The number of mosquitoes that landed and fed on the stimuli over different time intervals was recorded. Subsequently, the Complete Protection Time (CPT) of DEET at 200 nmol/cm² was evaluated, as well as the time, number of landings, and engorgement after CPT. In general, there were no significant differences in the average number of landings between the stimuli, only between the time periods. An increase in the number of mosquito landings was observed up to the third minute, followed by a reduction after the eighth minute of observation, regardless of the stimulus source. As for engorgement, there was a proportional increase in fed mosquitoes over time, and after 5 minutes of observation, there was greater engorgement using blood and the arm as stimuli. When analyzing the CPT of DEET, significant differences were observed for the arm (74.9 minutes) compared to artificial feeding (SkitoSnack) (51.7 minutes) and blood (49.5 minutes), and the time for a second mosquito to land after CPT was nearly twice that observed for CPT, regardless of the stimulus. The average number of landings after CPT at the end of the total observation time (3 hours and 45 minutes) was lower on the arm (6.4) compared to SkitoSnack (9.93) and blood (9.06). The number of mosquitoes engorged in treatments with DEET-impregnated fabric and in the control after CPT did not differ between the tested stimuli. We conclude that mosquitoes land and engorge on the tested prototype under the conditions used, regardless of the stimulus source and exposure time. For use in bioprospecting experiments, our results suggest that the use of blood on a membrane and a 5-minute exposure time are the best conditions for future experiments.

Plant phenology is a traditional science focused on monitoring, understanding, and predicting recurrent life cycle events of species, mainly related to climate. By understanding the phenological patterns of tropical vegetation and what drives the seasonality of leaf production in tropical communities, we can better predict the effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics and prevent the loss of ecosystem functionalities. This study aimed to monitor phenology in a fragment of terra firm forest in Porto Velho (RO), conducted in permanent plots, which comprise a 1-hectare sample grid, subdivided into 100 plots of 10m x 10m. Phenophases were collected through monthly observations aided by binoculars and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). The UAV provided a differential to provide greater accuracy in detecting phenological patterns in the canopy of trees. The phenological patterns of leaves, flowers, and fruits were analyzed using multidimensional techniques considering the stratification levels of individuals and species and their position in the fragment (edge vs. interior). The patterns detected allowed elucidating the mechanisms that control leaf and reproductive phenology in terra firm fragments in the Amazon, such as (i) specific environmental factors that determine phenology, (ii) molecular and physiological processes that regulate phenology, and (iii) whether phenology variation reflects genetic differences (high interspecific variation) or plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity (high intraspecific variation). This can help resolve pending debates on the mechanisms by which species respond to seasonal climate variations and improve predictions of plant responses to global changes

The problem of water contamination in water bodies in the city of Porto Velho-RO can lead to damage to the genetic material. This work aims to evaluate the water quality of three streams (UNIR, VIENA and PRUDENTE DE MORAES) in terms of toxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, in addition to predicting possible mutagenic effects. Six bulbs of Allium cepa were cultivated per stream and two comparison controls (Negative control: distilled water and positive control: 800 mg/l of paracetamol), where the roots after 96 hours of growth were collected, measured, and fixed in Carnoy (3 :1) for 20 hours. After the fixation, washing, hydrolysis and perforation procedure, these slides were stained with 2% Giemsa and the cells analyzed under optical microscopy. For each bulb, the sizes of the three largest roots were measured and 3 slides were produced in which 1000 cells were counted per slide, checking the number of dividing cells, the number of chromosomal aberrations and the amount of micronuclei. With these data, a database was created from which the MI (mitotic index), AC (chromosomal aberrations) and MN (Micronucleus Index) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graphpad Prism 8 program, the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons using the Dunn's test, where p<0.05. Our results showed that the Igarape Prudente de Morais during the rainy season showed toxicity (p<0.017), genotoxicity (p<0.0006) and high micronucleus index (p<0.014). Although it was initially classified as a medium-impact stream, the VIENA stream also showed, for the flood period, toxic (p<0.038), genotoxic (p<0.004) and high Micronucleus index (p<0.0029). For the UNIR stream, even though toxic (p>0.05) and cytotoxic (p>0.05) effects have not been proven, it also showed a high rate of chromosomal aberrations (p<0.0175) also for the rainy season. During this period, in the city of Porto Velho, there is a higher probability of contamination of living organisms by water bodies due to flooding. This may be associated with the low level of sanitary conditions in the city of Porto Velho-RO and the carrying of residues and chemical elements, and it is necessary to carry out further investigations in the waters of these streams with other biological assays, a complete physical-chemical analysis, in addition to analysis of trace elements to identify the origin of DNA damage so that we can deepen the knowledge related to damage due to water pollution.

The loss of ecosystems, associated with climate change and the great potential for contact between humans, domestic and wild animals in areas of contact with tropical forests, leads to the overflow of microorganisms that can result in viruses and other epizootics. Non-human primates (NHPs), as they are the most susceptible to diseases that affect humans due to their evolutionary proximity, become essential models for disease studies and can be considered sentinels for epidemiological surveillance of many zoonotic diseases. The PNHs - mainly the small ones - are inserted in forest fragments impacted by increasing urbanization. In this context, to know the diversity of viral families presented in wild animals, especially in anthropized regions, leads us to early surveillance, because we know that most zoonoses are of epidemiological importance for human and animal health, thus contributing to the public health, conservation of species and the environment. The objectives of this work were to survey the viral families of the PNHs captured in two anthropized areas of Porto Velho/Rondônia, and to relate the composition of the virome with variables indicative of environmental quality. PNHs of two species of the Callitrichidae family - Mico rondoni (Rondônia marmoset) and Leontocebus weddelli (sauim) - were captured using baited traps of the live-trap type, Tomahawk model of two sizes, suspended on platforms, in urban forest fragments and periurban residents of the city of Porto Velho/RO. The two areas are made up of remnants of Open Ombrophylous Forest: the urban perimeter (Vila Tupi) has 21ha and the periurban perimeter (Universidade Federal de Rondônia - UNIR) has 55ha. Non-invasive collection of biological material (rectal swab) was carried out from 24 PNHs for the virome survey. The individuals' rectal swabs were grouped by species by location (species x location), giving us a total of four groupings called "pools", followed by massive sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis with the Kraken software for the characterization of diversity viral families, with emphasis on the families of viruses of health importance for mammals, including man. Thirty viral families were detected, of which 13 families have viruses of health importance for mammals. The UNIR area showed a greater richness of viral families (n=25), and both M. rondoni and L. weddelli had a greater viral richness, with 19 and ten families, respectively. The urban area (Tupi) had only 13 families, despite showing greater proximity between humans, PNHs and domestic animals. The UNIR area is located 1km from the open landfill, leading to a discussion about its relationship with the virome composition. Vegetation macrostructure (tree height, trees with CAP>20cm, canopy opening, distance from nearest neighbor) did not differ significantly between areas. The PNHs studied showed a richness of virome and may harbor a variety of families with viruses of health importance, showing the need for further research into these viral families to know their pathogenic importance for animals and the possible impact on public health and the species conservation

The harpy eagle is a powerful bird of prey and is considered the main predator of arboreal mammals in neotropical forests. It has a wide range of prey, including various species of birds, reptiles, and terrestrial mammals. However, the harpy eagle is threatened due to the advancement of human occupation in its habitat, especially in the region known as the deforestation arc in the Amazon. Internationally, the harpy eagle is listed as near threatened with extinction, while in Brazil, it is classified as vulnerable. The present study was conducted in the state of Rondônia, which covers an area of 237,765,347 km² and has 53 municipalities. Nest prospecting began in 2002, and so far, 26 harpy eagle nests have been mapped across 14 municipalities, with 18 of them being monitored. Five nests have fallen, and three were found fallen. In total, 33 reproductive cycles and two deaths have been recorded. Starting in 2020, the use of camera traps facilitated the recording of the reproductive behavior of this predator and some interactions with other species in their nests. Between May 2020 and July 2022, six nests were monitored with camera traps in the municipalities of Cacoal, Rolim de Moura, Ariquemes, and Governador Jorge Teixeira. In three nests, 131 events involving 15 species using the harpy eagle nests were recorded. Six species were mammals, four were birds, one was a lizard, and one was an amphibian. The species included the black-headed night monkey (Aotus nigriceps), the black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella), the kinkajou (Potos flavus), the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), the porcupine (Sphiggurus sp.), the rufous-tailed hawk (Buteo nitidus), the rufous-capped nunlet (Ibycter americanus), the spectacled owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata), the squirrel cuckoo (Piaya cayana), the Guyana gecko (Thecadactylus rapicauda), and a tree frog (Osteocephalus taurinus). On nine occasions, the harpy eagle was in the nest and displayed defensive behavior. Predation of a rodent by a spectacled owl was recorded in two distinct events. Harpy eagle nests, due to the accumulation of prey remains and microclimatic conditions that favor invertebrates, attract a diversity of vertebrate species that use the forest canopy for foraging, shelter, and movement between trees. The present study aims to report the reproductive and occurrence records, as well as describe the interspecific interactions with the harpy eagle in its nests monitored by camera traps in different forest fragments in Rondônia

The groups that will be worked on in this study are medium and large mammals, as well as birds and reptiles that are present in the farm's reservoir. The Manoa farm, located in Cujubim - RO, is a place of great importance for biodiversity conservation, having a vast biodiversity, where there are species that are indicators of intact environments, besides being a major focus for biodiversity conservation. This work aims to characterize the seasonal and circadian temporal patterns of use of different resources (water and soil) of different species of medium and large terrestrial vertebrates that use an area of the salt shaker in the Amazon rainforest of Rondônia. The wetland is a place where medium and large vertebrate species carry out what is called geophagy. The wetland area is of paramount importance for the species that frequent it, because it has essential micro and macronutrients for mammals and birds, and its ingestion can serve both to supplement food and to reduce/cut the effect of secondary compounds (for herbivores and omnivores, for example). For monitoring, 16 camera traps will be placed in order to record and enable the taxonomic identification of species that visit the area and their habits, to collect soil and water samples from the beginning, middle, and end of the reservoir, as well as from the Preto River (upstream, downstream, and in front of the reservoir), in order to identify which macros and micronutrients are present in these resources. Sampling will occur over a seven-month period, beginning in June 2022 to December 2022. The parameters analyzed in the area will be the pH of the water and the presence of the macros and micronutrients: Sodium, Iron, Magnesium, Aluminum, Calcium, Phosphorus, Boron and Copper. The analysis will be carried out in the Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory of UNIR using the Optical Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method. For the soil, the same nutrients will be analyzed through the acid digestion method in the same laboratory. It is expected with this work to find out if there are differences in the specific composition of the community of medium and large terrestrial vertebrates over the sampling period and in the use of different resources in the reservoir as a result of seasonality, circadian cycle and moon phases.

Environments between interfluves of rivers in the Amazon are little studied, but with possibilities of high richness in biodiversity due to their environments composed of great heterogeneity. The study of these environments, involving abiotic and biotic factors, can help to understand the formation processes of the composition of the fauna in these localities. Knowledge about the fauna of anuran amphibians helps to understand the formation processes and their involvement with environmental factors due to their sensitivity to changes in the environment. And for correlated knowledge of this influence, the methods used in biodiversity knowledge programs (PPBio), using trails in the middle of the forest covering several phytosionomic aspects, is of fundamental importance to obtain answers about the influence of environmental predictors in the composition of biodiversity and to determine beta diversity on amphibian assemblages using environmental factors as determinants. In dry land forests, environmental heterogeneity is a determining factor in the composition of amphibian species, which influence the distribution patterns of species along streams as a result of variation in abiotic factors and their interactions within the riparian zone. At the Cuniã Ecological Station (Esec Cuniã) the effect of the variables associated with the riverside area along the drainage network is decisive in the first to third order streams, they are distributed along the watershed of the Aponiã River. The study was conducted at the Cuniã Ecology Station (Esec Cuniã), located in the north of the State of Rondônia, about 120 km from the urban area of Porto Velho, which can be accessed via the BR 319 highway. mesoscale drainage (25 Km2), which flows towards the Madeira River, with streams ranging from first to third order, are partially subjected to flooding after heavy rains. Anuran amphibians were sampled in 17 riparian plots measuring 250m long and 2m wide, following the right bank and towards the headwaters of the creeks that cross the grid, uniformly distributed within the area, following the RAPELD sampling system. The densities of frog species were determined by the RAPELD sampling method using two methods: (1) Visual search limited by space, (2) Auditory recording of frog species in vocalization activity, the plots were inventoried in the twilight period and nocturnal. Considering the importance of the Amazon forest for biodiversity, and with the processes of reduction in habitat preservation, they provide isolation and generate unequal environments that end up forcing local species to survive in smaller populations, isolated from each other by inhospitable habitats between fragments. Understanding the distribution patterns of species in this region is essential to fill gaps in the biodiversity of the Amazonian plains. Our study analyzed the composition of amphibian assemblages that make up the areas of ESEC CUNIÃ, we analyzed deterministic environmental predictors to evaluate the influence of these factors on species composition, determining which factor has greater significance. With the determination of these factors, we evaluated the beta diversity (β) which describes the diversity of species between locations and, when partitioned, can reflect two phenomenal: nesting (nestedness/species richness) and species replacement (turnover/species replacement) collaborating to understand the behavior of species distribution across the Brazilian Amazon, and for data analysis we used XLSTAT 2017, R Studio 4.1.3

Deforestation in the Amazon intensified from the 1970s onwards, when government incentives influenced the occupation of the Amazon. As a negative consequence of economic cycles in Rondônia, the native forest has been intensely exploited over the years. Since the 1980s, the state has deforested more than 66,100 km² of native forest, which corresponds to 28% of its territory. It is common in the Amazon region for areas that gradually lost their natural fertility to stop being economically exploited and, over time, to observe the growth of secondary forests. These forests are related to the maintenance of biodiversity, and play a role in mitigating the impacts generated by deforestation. Secondary forests in the Amazon are home to 56.6% of the country's secondary formations. Due to their importance in preserving the environment, knowing them represents an important step in our strategies to mitigate the damage caused by deforestation. The objective was to describe the diversity of secondary forests in a portion of the territory of Rondônia and to understand the occurrence and relationship of arboreal flora in secondary formations with soil attributes in degraded areas. This work is organized into two chapters. In the first, we approach the flora of plantations and secondary forest formations, describing their composition and ecological characteristics. The information used was obtained from specialized bibliographies, online botanical platforms and various studies carried out by the authors in areas of secondary forests in the northern region of Rondônia. A total of 56 species from 50 genera and 24 families made up the list. Of the total species, 43% are pioneers, 50% are secondary and 5% are climax species. For the planting group, 51% are diversity and 31% are cover. For the dispersal syndrome, 69% of species are zoochoric, 18% anemochoric and 11% barochoric. In the second chapter, the structure of a secondary forest and the influence of soil attributes on the density of some of its tree species were studied. For the floristic and phytosociological studies, 22 plots of 10 m x 100 m were implanted randomly. As an inclusion criterion, DBH ≥ 5 cm was used. The soil was approached from composite sampling obtained inside each of the plots at three different depths: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40cm. 2818 individuals were sampled, distributed in 172 species, 115 genera, 44 families and with an unidentified taxon.The floristic similarity between the three areas, estimated through an exploratory analysis by NMDS. The influence of soil attributes on vegetation was studied through the correlation between soil attributes and the density of the seven species with the highest density of individuals. The Shannon-Weaner (H') specific diversity index was 3.44 nats.indˉ¹. The Pielou evenness index was 0.82. NMDS showed the formation of two floristic groups. The soils in the study area had low natural fertility values and high acidity, with all plots having low pH (3.9 to 5.4). Most soil attributes showed no relationship with species density.

With each new generation of antimicrobials, bacteria evolve and become
increasingly multiresistant, affecting all social classes and all ages. In addition to causing
disease in humans, they are also a cause of concern in animal husbandry, food production,
and the economy. Brazil does not have compiled statistical data on this problem without
revealing how diverse the biodiversity is responsible for it. This study aimed to describe
the molecular epidemiology of bacteria resistant to carbapenems in clinical samples in
the Southwestern Amazon. And as specific objectives to identify bacterial species
resistant to carbapenems and analyze the molecular epidemiological profile of genes
encoding carbapenemases. The methodology of this work consisted of compiling the
results of tests obtained in the Research of Resistance Genes of the Central Laboratory of
Rondônia Public Health - LACEN/RO from 2018 to 2021, through the GAL platform and
the laboratory's internal registry. In addition to bibliographic review through periodicals,
books, and digital channels, among other means. It was concluded that biodiversity goes
beyond what is shown in epidemiological bulletins as the evolution of resistance to these
antimicrobials has increased and been shared between different classes.

Rondônia is located in the Western Amazon and received several development projects and from them it was possible to know its biodiversity. The objective of the work was to identify the scientific production of the fauna of Rondônia in the last 20 years, the profile of this production and its distribution in the basins of the State. Using keywords in the Google Scholar^â search tools, CAPES Periodicals and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), 212 works were located, half of which had researchers from Rondônia institutions as authors. Research is mostly on Diversity, Taxonomy and Ecology and the least studied basins were Guaporé and Mamoré. We conclude that we still have gaps in terms of geography, time, scientific communication and research efforts for some groups.

Agroforestry Systems - AFS with coffee trees can bring ecological, economic and social benefits to farmers who opt for these cultivation systems. The various benefits range from increasing the biodiversity of the system to increasing the yield of the coffee crop or the system as a whole, as well as improving the environment for carrying out activities related to the culture of the system. In Amazonian conditions, a fragile ecosystem mainly due to the prevailing environmental conditions, the benefits of AFS may be even more relevant than in other biomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of C. canephora 'Conilon' coffee trees cultivated in AFS with bandarra, chestnut and teak in the conditions of the Brazilian South Western Amazon. The study was conducted at the Embrapa Experimental Field in Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil (10º44'05'S, 62º15'20'W and 250 m), from november 2014 to june 2021. Three experiments were carried out: i) coffee trees shaded with bandarra (Schyzolobium paranyba var. amazonicum); ii) coffee trees shaded with chestnut (Bertholletia excelsa), and iii) coffee trees shaded with teak (Tectona grandis). Within each experiment, four tree densities were tested: zero (coffee trees in full sun); 111 trees ha-1 (10 m × 9 m); 222 trees ha-1 (10 m × 4.5 m) and 444 trees ha-1 (5 m x 4.5 m). Each experiment was carried out in a split-plot scheme in time, with the plots formed by the densities and the subplots formed by the years of coffee production. The experimental design was in a band with nine repetitions. The experimental plot consisted of 12 coffee trees, harvested in sequence in the planting line. Coffee grain yields were evaluated over five harvests and beverage quality, by sensory test, in the fifth harvest. Coffee production over the years: There was a biennial effect of coffee production over the years, in all three systems, with the maximum production being observed in the second harvest, 2018, and the minimum in 2020, the year of pruning of production. Average and accumulated productivity of coffee trees: Bandarra promoted a reduction in average and accumulated productivity in all densities, with a greater reduction in the density of 444 trees ha-1. The chestnut produced a reduction of the average and accumulated productivity only in the density of 444 trees ha-1. For teak, there was a difference only between the densities of 111 and 444 trees ha-1, with higher average and accumulated productivity found in the density of 111 and the lowest in the density of 444 trees ha-1. Beverage quality: Sensory analyzes of the beans did not identify differences in the beverage quality of any treatment in any of the experiments. In all three experiments, the average scores were above 80 points, values that correspond to the scores of specialty coffees.

Bertholletia excelsa, popularly known as brazil nut tree, has great importance in the economy of the Amazon region and for traditional communities, which use aqueous extracts of the urchins and the bark of the tree in folk medicine as an infusion to treat diarrhea, menopause, anemia, diabetes, inflammation and as an antibiotic. However, there are still few chemical constituents described in the open literature on this specie. And this work aims to identify the main secondary metabolites present in the barks of the chestnut tree using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS2) due to its high efficiency and sensitivity, with extraction and detection of a wide range of metabolite polarity and to allow a relative quantification between substances. For this study it was used bark samples from three trees, with breast diameters of 172.6, 156.0 and 69.8 cm, collected at the Embrapa Experimental Field in Porto Velho/RO. The samples were dried, ground and extracted by boiled water, then freezed, lyophilized and analyzed by UHPLC/HRMS2. The mass spectra were searched in ten databases via Compound Discoverer software, through which 1.798 analytes were identified. Among the most abundant are the: ellagic acid, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, linoleic acid, octadecadienoic acid, α-eleostearic acid, 4-acetamidobutanoic acid, pyrogallol and choline, which are related to the biological activities described by the popular use.

Herbs are an important group, as they have adaptations to the environment in which they live and respond to more subtle environmental changes, in addition to having human and economic utility. Studies on forest understory herbs can provide data to infer about the conservation status of forest communities. This study aims to describe the composition and structure of the herb community, as well as to quantify the components of abundance-based beta diversity and to determine the relative importance of environmental and geographic distance in the variation of the beta diversity of the herb community in Riparian and Terra Firme at ESEC Cuniã. 48 plots measuring 250x2m were implemented, 18 of which were riparian and 30 of Terra Firme, where edaphic and hydrological data, litter depth and abundance of herb species were collected. The Riparian and Terra Firme environments presented similar species composition, however with significant differences in the pattern of relative diversity and abundance of the species. The Riparian and Terra Firme environments presented similar species composition, but with significant differences in the pattern of diversity and relative abundance of species. The Riparian environment added new species and increased the density of others, while the Terra Firme environment was more diverse and with the distribution of species and abundances more homogeneous between the plots. Beta diversity was caused by the replacement of species between sites and not by the loss of existing species in the richest plots. This pattern proved to be congruent in both environments. The total variation of the quantitative beta diversity explained only by the environmental distance was 15% and 24% for the Ripario and Terra Firme environments and by the pure geographic distance it was 1% and 6%, respectively. Thus, the high proportion of variation in floristic distances that was not explained (70-95%) by geographic distance or our environmental dataset could be attributed to other unmeasured factors. The floristic variation for each taxonomic group had different sets of environmental variables, indicating that each group has different requirements. Litter depth, clay percentage, area and organic matter were the variables that were present in most of the regression models. The rotation, range and spatial permanence of the species is influenced by the local environmental heterogeneity, thus maintaining different characteristics that contemplate different environments is important to conserve the diversity of herbs in Amazonian environments.

For the understand related to the biodiversity of a certain area in space and time, it is necessary that the first parameter studied is the composition of the species occurring in it. This study aims to make an inventory of the medium and large-sized terrestrial vertebrate fauna, including mammals, game birds and reptiles in three sample areas of a farm in the municipality of Cujubim/RO, with 74.000h of open rainforest explored by a Low Impact Forest Management. The inventory was carried out using the photographic trapping method in three sample areas, one of which was considered control: Reserva Absoluta (RA) and two with different chronologies of managed exploitation: after 20 years of exploration in the Annual Production Units (UPA) with an average size of 4km², (UPAs 18 and 19) and after 11 years (UPA 14). The camera traps (AFs) used were Bushnell (2019) model 119936C, and the 32 gigabyte memory cards. 30 Sample Units (SU) were defined with a minimum spacing of 2km between them. In each AU, only one AF was allocated, positioned at the height of 0.45 m from the ground with the smallest possible angle of inclination, in which the field of view of the machine corresponds to an angle of 75º to 25 meters was cleaned, without mischaracterizing the environment. Data collection took place over 180 days in two campaigns in the years 2020 and 2021 (90 days each). Every 45 days, the 15 AFs (five in each area) were relocated to another five points in each area for another 45 days. In 2020, 1,526 records were obtained and in 2021, 2,092 records of the focus group in the three study areas, covering 13 Orders, 24 families, 37 genera and 41 species, with representatives of the Mammalia Class distributed in eight Orders:Didelphimorphia: Didelphis marsupialis e Lutreolina crassicaudata; Cingulata: Dasypus sp. e Priodontes maximus; Pilosa: Myrmecophaga tridactyla e Tamandua tetradactyla Rodentia: Cuniculus paca, Dasyprocta fuliginosa e Sciurillus pusillus; Primates: Mico rondoni, Leontocebus weddelli, Pithecia irrorata, Plecturocebus brunneus e Sapajus apella; Carnivora: Atelocynus microtis, Speothos venaticus, Eira barbara, Nasua nasua, Procyon cancrivorus, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor e Panthera onca; Perissodactyla: Tapirus terrestris, Cetartiodactyla: Dicotyles tajacu, Tayassu pecari; Mazama americana e Mazama nemorivaga. Classe Aves - Aramides cajanea, Crypturellus obsoletus, Crypturellus strigulosus, Nothocrax urumutum, Odontophorus gujanensis, Patagioenas subvinacea, Pauxi tuberosa, Penelope jacquacu, Psophia viridis, Tinamus guttatus, Tinamus major e Tinamus tao; Classe Reptilia - Corallus hortulanus e Geochelone denticulata