Economic growth in the Amazon has exposed water bodies to various contaminants, such as pesticides and heavy metals. Agriculture and livestock farming are significant to the economy and culture of the state of Rondonia, including cattle raising and fish farming, making it a region where aquatic contaminants can have a substantial sanitary and economic impact. Mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic have no biological function. They can cause various health hazards, becoming even more concerning due to increasing environmental levels from human activities. Given the lack of similar studies in the region, the intensive agricultural and livestock exploitation, the presence of Indigenous lands, and environmental conservation units downstream of the sub-basin, mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic levels were investigated in the Rio Branco sub-basin, also aiming to assess possible correlations with environmental and human factors. Samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons, upstream and downstream of fish farms. Mercury was analyzed using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (CV-AFS), while the other elements were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The physicochemical parameters of the water were measured using a multiparameter meter, and land use and occupation data were obtained for the surroundings of the fish farms. It was observed that 84.72% of land use was for pasture, 11.02% for forest formation, and 4.26% for other uses. The average concentrations were 13.77 ng/L for mercury, 14.27 μg/L for lead, 5.48 μg/L for cadmium, and 1.93 μg/L for arsenic. Mercury concentrations were higher than expected for a region without mining activity, with elevated values also for lead and cadmium. Arsenic levels were within the considered safe limits. No influence of fish farming activity on the levels of these elements was detected. Land use showed a moderate correlation with the measured concentrations.

Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe is a medicinal plant from the Costaceae family, widely used in Brazilian folk medicine, especially by indigenous communities in the Amazon, to treat conditions such as inflammations, renal diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and toxicological profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. spiralis leaves and stems on the nematodes Turbatrix aceti and Panagrellus redivivus, and on the microcrustaceans Artemia salina, Daphnia magna, and Dendrocephalus brasiliensis. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. spiralis leaves and stems was obtained by extracting dried plant tissues, followed by phytochemical analysis. For the toxicity assays, two types of organisms were used: nematodes (T. aceti and P. redivivus) and microcrustaceans (A. salina, D. brasiliensis, and D. magna). The assays were performed in triplicate, calculating the LC₅₀ values, which indicate the lethal concentration of the extract. During the tests, the organisms were exposed to the extract for different periods (24 and 48 hours), and mortality was recorded for toxicity evaluation. The results showed that the toxicity of the C. spiralis extract is dose-dependent and cumulative over time. Mortality increased as the extract concentration and exposure time increased. For the nematodes, a direct relationship between extract concentration and mortality was observed, with a strong statistical correlation (high R²). Among the microcrustaceans, A. salina and D. brasiliensis were the most sensitive species, showing higher mortality after 48 hours of exposure. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds such as flavonoids, terpenes, and saponins but did not detect alkaloids or coumarins. The obtained data indicate that the C. spiralis extract has considerable toxicity, with more pronounced effects after 48 hours of exposure. The response of the test organisms was dose-dependent, highlighting the need for further research on the mechanisms of action of the bioactive compounds present in the plant. Finally, continued investigation is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of the plant in phytotherapeutic treatments.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of lime requirement estimation methods and the reactivity of commercial limestone in acidic soils of Rondonia, Brazil. Four predominant soil orders—Plinthosol, Oxisol, Ultisol, and Inceptisol—were selected, representing distinct pedological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the region. Soil samples from surface and subsurface layers were incubated with increasing doses (0-125% of recommended rates) of analytical-grade calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and a commercial limestone (85% Relative Neutralizing Power, PRNT). The pH dynamics, exchangeable aluminum (Al³⁺), and base saturation were monitored to validate traditional lime recommendation methods, including base saturation, aluminum neutralization, and acidity potential approaches.

The results demonstrated that current lime recommendation methods, particularly those based on base saturation (V%) and aluminum neutralization, effectively estimated lime requirements for most soils. However, regional calibration was critical due to the high buffering capacity and mineralogical diversity of Rondonia’s soils. For instance, the Plinthosol required 60% of the recommended lime dose to elevate pH to 6.24, while the highly weathered Oxisol demanded 80% of the dose to reach pH 6.0, reflecting its strong acidity buffering. The commercial limestone exhibited comparable efficiency to pure CaCO₃, achieving target pH levels (5.7-6.5) with minimal deviations, thus validating its use as a cost-effective local alternative.

Quadratic regression models (R² = 0.90-0.99) effectively described the dose-response relationships, highlighting the predictability of pH adjustments across soil types. The Argissol, with inherent eutrophic properties, showed rapid pH elevation (from 5.56 to 5.95 with 40% lime dose), emphasizing its lower dependency on lime compared to more acidic soils. Conversely, the Cambisol required higher lime inputs due to its variable cation exchange capacity and organic matter content. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences (p < 0.05) in lime efficacy among methods, underscoring the need for multicriteria evaluations to address systematic biases in traditional models.

The study concludes that while established lime recommendation methods are broadly applicable, their precision in Rondonia hinges on accounting for local soil variability, particularly organic matter content and mineralogy. The commercial limestone’s performance, nearly equivalent to pure CaCO₃, offers agricultural stakeholders a viable, regionally sourced input to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity sustainably. These findings contribute to optimizing lime management strategies, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental impacts in Amazonian agroecosystems.

The timber industry in the Amazon, while economically vital, faces significant challenges in resource management particularly regarding the utilization of wood processing residues for energy generation (firewood). A major obstacle lies in the inadequate understanding of quantification methods, which often results in improper disposal or distortions in chain-of-custody controls, as generalized stacking factors can lead to measurement inaccuracies. This study aimed to evaluate the volumetric yield, stacking factor, and density of wood residues (firewood) in a sawmill located in Rondonia, Brazil, which exclusively processes timber from forest concessions. The objective was to identify limitations in the current technical standards for measurement and control of forest products. For this purpose, the volume of logs consumed, and sawn products generated over one month was recorded. The solid and stacked volume (bundle) of produced firewood was determined, as well as the density of both firewood and sawn products through weighing. The resulting stacking factor was compared with the standard value set by IBAMA’s inspection manual. Additionally, the viability of using weight as a measurement parameter was evaluated. During the analyzed period, the sawmill processed 1,375.7670 m³ of Dinizia excelsa logs, with a volumetric yield coefficient of 44.30% ± 5.60% and a firewood stacking factor of 1.73 st/m³ ± 0.30 st/m³—higher than the 1.5 st/m³ fixed in the current regulation, revealing a gap in subproduct quantification. The apparent density of firewood was lower than that of the sawn products, with a density ratio (firewood to sawn wood) of approximately 1.15. This ratio can be used to estimate the solid volume of firewood based on its weight, offering an alternative for improving control, oversight, and valorization of wood residues in the Amazon forest product supply chain, thereby promoting greater sustainability and environmental responsibility.

This study investigated the diversity of soil mites of the order Mesostigmata across different land-use types in the state of Rondonia, Western Amazon. Sampling was carried out between April 2023 and March 2024 in 17 localities, covering native forest, coffee plantations, and rubber tree stands. A total of 600 individuals were collected, mainly belonging to the families Rhodacaridae, Laelapidae, Ascidae, and Pachylaelapidae. Overall, four families, four genera, and eight species were identified, expanding from two to seven the number of genera known for the state. For the first time in Rondonia, the families Pachylaelapidae, Laelapidae, Rhodacaridae, and Ascidae were recorded, and three potential new species of Multidentorhodacarus were recognized. Ecological patterns revealed that Rhodacaridae species were strongly associated with native vegetation, suggesting greater sensitivity to environmental disturbance, whereas Laelapidae representatives, such as Gaeolaelaps sp.2, were predominant in agricultural habitats, indicating ecological plasticity and potential for use in biological control programs. These findings highlight the importance of expanding faunal surveys in the Amazon and provide baseline information for integrating predatory mite fauna into sustainable soil management strategies.

Este trabalho buscou contribuir com a cadeia produtiva do cacau no estado de Rondônia. A cacauicultura em Rondônia desempenha um papel importante na economia e cultura, com ênfase na participação da agricultura familiar. O estudo teve foco na extração da manteiga de cacau, subproduto de alto valor econômico. Abordou com ênfase o processo fermentativo, com especial atenção à preservação de valores nutricionais e características sensoriais. Optou-se pelo uso de prensas hidráulicas para realização de uma extração a frio. As alterações físico-químicas na manteiga de cacau estão sujeitas à regulamentação da ANVISA, a qual identifica a degradação por meio dos índices de acidez e peróxido. A pesquisa ressalta a importância do controle de qualidade em óleos e gorduras vegetais extraídos a frio. A implementação dessas análises é considerada uma estratégia eficaz para certificar a qualidade dos produtos, fortalecendo os arranjos produtivos locais. O estudo também avaliou a qualidade de manteigas de cacau produzidas por métodos fermentativos distintos, seguidos pelo método de extração a frio. As fermentações resultaram em amêndoas com elevadas características fermentativas. Análises químicas nas manteigas extraídas revelaram a influência do método de fermentação, evidenciando baixos índices de acidez e peróxido e destacando notáveis qualidades sensoriais nas amêndoas, incluindo um aroma intenso de chocolate. O método da fermentação positiva, também denominado Sprouting Process® se destacou para além das qualidades analíticas, mas também pela eficiência operacional, sugerindo potencial para otimizar a produção com menor demanda de mão de obra. Essas pesquisas, em conjunto, oferecem insights valiosos para aprimorar a produção de alimentos, promovendo padrões elevados de qualidade e eficiência ao longo da cadeia produtiva alimentar.

Climate change, primarily driven by deforestation, has significant impacts on global biodiversity, affecting distribution and increasing species extinction. Strong evidence suggests that changes in the abundance, distribution, and diversity of aquatic insects are consistent with the widespread effects of land use and climate change. Understanding these combined effects is essential for predicting future patterns in species distribution and managing biodiversity conservation strategies. This study aims to identify, in different scenarios, the potential geographic distribution of endangered Ephemeroptera species in Brazil. The R 4.1.2 environment with the ENMTML package (ANDRADE et al., 2020) was used, with the Bioclim, Domain, and RandomForest algorithms for modeling, with 10 replicas for each species. The metrics used were Area Under the Curve (AUC), True Skill Statistic (TSS), Jaccard, Sørensen, and Fpb. The open-source software QGIS version 3.16.2 was used to produce the maps. Occurrence points of six endangered Ephemeroptera species and a set of environmental variables represented by seven bioclimatic variables plus two terrain variables were used. The results corroborate that all species are vulnerable or at risk of future extinction, with fragmented areas with little suitability for species survival.

The main aims of this Dissertation were, in Chapter 1, to determine the spatial and seasonal distribution of the zooplankton community in fish farm freshwater in the microregions of the Vale do Jamari and Centro Leste microregions, Rondônia state; in Chapter 2, to determine the incidence of acanthocephalan infestation in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and its relationship with Ostracods and Copepods. The zooplankton community was measured at two hydrological seasons (rainy and dry seasons) in the water of 30 fish farms in Rondônia state. The experimental development was organized following a completely randomized factorial scheme, where species were considered in composition, richness, frequency of occurrence, abundance, relative abundance, and in diversity indices, such as Shannon-Weaver (H'), Pielou's evenness (J), and species richness (S), considering spatial distribution (microregions) and seasonality. The diversity indices were somewhat dissimilar among the sampling points, with a greater diversity of Ostracoda populations recorded in the Vale do Jamari and Copepoda in the Centro-Leste, especially during the rainy season. The observed zooplankton communities exhibit distinctive spatial and seasonal heterogeneity. The incidence of acanthocephalans was measured in 41 fish farms belonging to two microregions of Rondônia, the Vale do Jamari and Centro Leste, during the Amazonian hydrological seasons, rainy (November to March) and dry (April to October), from November 2021 to September 2023. Epidemiological data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire during visits, where water and zooplankton samples from the culture tanks were collected, and tambaquis were captured, using a triple-sample collection and a completely randomized factorial scheme. Of the visited properties, 97% (40) had occurrences of fish infected by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Georeferencing showed that in the Vale do Jamari, the highest densities (in simulated graphical estimates) of Acanthocephalan infestations were in Ariquemes, Monte Negro, Machadinho do Oeste, and Buritis, while in the Centro-Leste, they were in Urupá, Ji-Paraná, Ouro Preto do Oeste, Mirante da Serra, and Teixeirópolis, with emphasis on the municipalities of Ji-Paraná, Ouro Preto do Oeste, Urupá, and Teixeirópolis, with a cluster of heat islands of 500 ha-1 in 889 km2. The values found for water quality variables were in accordance with parameters suitable for tambaqui raised. The presence of Ostracods and Copepods can be used to predict potential parasitic infestations in tambaquis.

The study aims to contextualize human action, with reference to the beginning of the colonization of the state 

of Rondonia, and its land regulation. The focus is on the Ponta do Abuna region, between Rondonia, Acre and 

Amazonas, especially in the municipalities of Vista Alegre do Abuna, Extrema and Nova Califonia. 

The work develops aspects related to economic activity, property appreciation, and the occupation 

of areas by livestock farming. Issues of civil, administrative and criminal liability are also addressed in

 the context of livestock advancement in these municipalities.

Given the scenario of fish farming in Rondonia and the challenges reported by producers and technicians, as well as the need for a better understanding of the current scenario of aquaculture, this work was structured in two chapters, the first of which dealt with gill parasites in South America in serrasalmids, the family of the main farmed fish produced in Rondônia, Colossoma macropomum, known as tambaqui, as well as gathering information on the tissue damage caused by these parasites. This literature review examined papers published between January 2013 and November 2023 to gather up-to-date knowledge from different multidisciplinary databases, and revealed 83 species from 28 genera, where the main class of parasites identified at the reporting level were those belonging to the class Monogenea, followed by Copepoda, Myxozoa and Trematoda, as well as others with lesser mention. Hemodynamic, degenerative, and adaptive lesions were reported, as well as disorders of Hemodynamic, degenerative and adaptive lesions, growth disorders, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the presence of the parasite itself in histopathologic analyses were reported. Information was also collected on the water quality under the conditions in which these parasites were found, as well as mentioning experimental treatments and discussing their effectiveness and obstacles. This information supported the research carried out in the second chapter, a field study in which tambaquis were evaluated in the two main tambaquis-producing regions of the State of Rondônia: the Vale do Jamari and the Centro-Leste region. A total of 196 animals from 43 farms were evaluated, visited in two different climatic seasons, where water samples were taken to evaluate physical and chemical parameters, and the animals gills were collected and sampled for histopathological analysis. The histopathological analysis showed that all the properties were positive for monogenetic parasites, and the presence of myxosporids and dinoflagellates was also observed in fewer cases. The main changes observed at the microscopic level were growth disorders, the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis, which, together with the other changes, caused damage to the respiratory capacity and ionic regulation of the gills. The water quality assessment revealed a weak correlation between the presence of monogeneans and fluctuations in the physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment. There was also a statistical increase in the presence of monogeneans and myxosporids in the rainy season, and a statistical interaction between the presence of these two classes, which requires further studies to gain an in-depth understanding of this relationship. In this way, this work has contributed to the identification of one of the health problems in fish produced in the State of Rondônia, has identified previously unreported parasitic interactions, and it is proposed that further studies assess the productive impact in the region, in order to mitigate the problem and boost economic activity.

Studies on wood processing highlight the importance of techniques that maximize the use of wood residues, especially from native forests under sustainable management. This study aimed to quantify the volume of bark and the content of condensed tannins of the species Tauari (Couratari guianensis Aubl.) and Jequitiba (Allantoma lineata (Mart. ex O. Berg) Miers)) as a way of promoting the use of waste from sawmill. Five trees of each species were selected from a Forest Management Unit, located in the Jamari National Forest, Rondonia. The commercial boles from each tree were sectioned into logs and cubed with and without bark using the Smalian method. Three bark samples (3 x 5 cm) were collected from the base, middle and top positions of each log of commercial boles. In the laboratory, samples were ground using a Willey mill and extracts were prepared to extract tannin. The total solids content (TST), the Stiasny index (IS) and the condensed tannin content (TTC) were determined. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability were applied to the means of bark volume, bark percentage and bark factor along the length of the commercial stem, in order to verify statistical differences. Tauari bark represented 5.37% of the total bole volume, while Jequitiba represented 4.12%. An increase in bark volume was observed from the base to the top. Tauari had a total solids content of 14.20%, higher than the 5.44% of Jequitiba. The tannin content in Tauari bark was 3.21% and Jequitiba, 1.07%. Thus, at the end of the harvest, the production of 19,451.0 kg and 6,661.0 kg of tannin is estimated for Couratari guianensis and Allantoma lineata, respectively, which demonstrates the potential of the species' bark for uses as well as, it is suggested to continuity of studies evaluating other tannin extraction methods and their applications.

The state of Rondonia has a history of territorial occupation characterized by policies promoting the removal of natural forests, replaced by economic activities such as agriculture and cattle ranching. These practices have resulted in significant loss of forest cover in the region. In this context, the definition of priority areas for conservation and restoration represents a critical step in designing territorial management strategies, guiding the expansion of anthropogenic activities. This study aims to map and analyze land use and land cover in the Zona da Mata region of Rondonia, employing remote sensing imagery and geoprocessing techniques to validate geospatial data within Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The focus is on identifying priority degraded areas for restoration. For this purpose, Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) integrated with GIS was applied, combined with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methods. The analysis considered five factors for identifying priority areas for restoration and four factors for proposing ecological corridors, assigning distinct weights based on environmental fragility or conservation significance. The result is a synthesized map ranking these areas. The land cover and use maps reveal an intense conversion of natural vegetation into areas for anthropogenic activities, predominantly pastures, with a high degree of territorial fragmentation observed in the region. According to the priority areas map, 43.47% of the territory was classified as low or very low priority for forest restoration, 35.22% as medium priority, and 21.31% as high or very high priority. The study demonstrated that multicriteria analysis techniques integrated with GIS provide an effective tool for allocating priority areas for restoration and proposing ecological corridors. As a flexible method, it allows the use of multiple factors, is easy to implement, and produces maps offering practical solutions to support actions aimed at slowing deforestation processes.

Knowledge of the potential suitability for the distribution of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) is essential for contributing to strategies aimed at its long-term preservation in nature, as the species is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the synergistic effects of climate change and land cover on the suitability for the occurrence of the Brazil nut tree in both current (1970-2000) and future (2050) times. To predict potential suitability, species distribution modeling based on ecological niche was applied. Observational data was obtained from online platforms such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Species Link, and Portal da Biodiversidade, as well as from scientific literature and forest census conducted in the Management Unit III of the Jamari National Forest, Rondônia, Brazil. Environmental variables were collected from WorldClim 2.1 (climate), Soilgrids (soil), and NASADEM (topography). A literature review was conducted to select the most ecologically relevant variables. Future projections (2050) were made using bioclimatic variables derived from the sixth version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project General Circulation Models, MIROC6 and CanESM5, associated with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 2-4.5 and 5-8.5. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce collinearity among environmental variables. Nine algorithms with different complexities were applied, and ensemble models were generated for current and future periods. Model evaluation was carried out using AUC, TSS, Jaccard, and Sorensen metrics. Post-processing involved control of extrapolation by the Mobility-Oriented Parity (MOP) and consideration of forest coverage in the final models. Currently, the estimated suitable area for the species covers 4,024,567 km² (57.8%) of the Amazon biome (Pan-Amazonia). Regarding future projections, there was an increase in suitable area for the species (0.56%) in the conservative scenario (MIROC6/SSP2-4.5), but with a shift from optimal to suboptimal, moderate, and low suitability levels. On the other hand, in the pessimistic scenario (CanESM5/SSP5-8.5), there was an estimated 68.80% reduction in suitability for the species. In general, the projections indicate a trend of negative impacts from the synergistic effects of climate change and land cover on the suitability for the occurrence of the Brazil nut tree until the year 2050.

Coffee crops are an important agricultural sector in many countries, but they are subject to various pests that can harm both the growth and production of the plants. The coffee berry borer, caused by the insect Hypothenemus hampei, is one of the most relevant pests for coffee culture. Traditionally, chemical control has been widely used to deal with this pest, but it can present risks to human health and the environment. In this context, the search for alternative insect control solutions that reduce the adverse effects of insecticides has become increasingly common. One of these solutions is the use of plants and the use of their chemical components with insecticidal activity as potential tools in pest management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of botanical extracts with insecticidal potential in the control of H. hampei, as well as the effectiveness of the application routes (topical use, contaminated surface, and spraying). To this end, the study was conducted at the Entomology and Biological Control Laboratory of Embrapa Rondônia and involved the use of infructescences of two species of the Piperaceae family (Piper tuberculatum and Piper nigrum) and leaves of Ephedranthus amazonicus belonging to the Annonaceae family. Initially, the plant material of the three species was collected, and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. Subsequently, qualitative phytochemical characterization of the extracts was performed through tests based on coloration and precipitation. The evaluation of insecticidal activity was planned and executed according to a randomized block experimental design, with four replications, consisting of 10 treatments. Each experimental unit consisted of ten borers per Petri dish. The botanical extracts were tested in three contamination routes on the coffee berry borer, namely: topical use, contaminated surface, and spraying. The results showed that the botanical extracts presented secondary metabolites, such as saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. Moreover, they were able to cause mortality in the coffee berry borer, although to a lesser extent than the chemical controls. Topical use proved to be the most effective application route, as in this route, the extract of the infructescences of P. tuberculatum presented 81 ± 22.9% mortality, the extract of P. nigrum showed an efficacy of 96 ± 5.7%, and the extract of E. amazonicus 34 ± 2.34%, after 48h of treatment. In this same treatment route, the extract of P. tuberculatum and P. nigrum presented, respectively, the following mean lethal concentration (LC₅₀) values, 4.1 ± 3.32 mg and 5.39 ± 0.78 mg. It was not possible to calculate LC₅₀ values for the extract of E. amazonicus in any of the treatment routes. The present study provided evidence that these botanical extracts can be a promising strategy to be used as a viable alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of the coffee berry borer, offering environmental and health benefits.

The general aims of the Dissertation was to investigate how the topic of medicinal plants is being worked on in basic education, specifically in high school, as well as to analyze the ethnobotanical perception of public school students and to promote the construction of knowledge about biodiversity through a didactic sequence of teaching, relating students' empirical knowledge to scientific literature. This Dissertation is organized into three chapters, chapter 1 is a systematic review of the literature, with the aimed of investigating and obtaining information about how the theme of medicinal plants is being worked on in basic education. Chapter 2 aimed to carry out a survey of the ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants of 91 high school students in Rolim de Moura municipality – Rondônia state. A descriptive research was carried out using a qualitative and quantitative form. While chapter 3 aimed to analyze the ethnobotanical perception of high school students, and to promote the construction of knowledge about biodiversity through a didactic sequence, pre- and post-test forms of didactic sequence were applied for this purpose. The students cited 42 medicinal plants used by them and their families. Medicinal plants are part of students' daily lives and despite the fragmented knowledge on this topic, students know several species and understand their therapeutic potential. Despite being young and with access to the internet, it can be seen that this knowledge comes through orality passed on by their family members. Students were gender and age, 70% female with an average of 15 years and 30% male with an average of 16 years. The average gross monthly income of their families was R$ 3,960.00 ± 840.00. And finally, 95% admitted that they used at least one medicinal plant at home. There was a rescue of knowledge about medicinal plants, an important fact for the promotion of studies on biodiversity and environmental conservation. Medicinal plants can be used as a theme for the construction of interdisciplinary pedagogical practices that lead to reflection on the environment and biodiversity because they are present in the students' daily lives, just as the students were able to associate scientific knowledge with popular empirical knowledge. The didactic sequence is presented as a pedagogical action to work on the topic of medicinal plants in a more dynamic way, in the search for meaningful teaching and learning capable of developing protagonism, making students critical and active in the environment in which they are inserted. Furthermore, the presented didactic sequence is an important pedagogical tool for the teacher, who finds a challenge in cross-cutting themes.

This Master's Dissertation is organized into a Bibliographic Review and a scientific article. The aimed was to evaluate water quality, obtain socioeconomic information and characterize the sanitary conditions of family fish farms in the interior of the Rondônia state. The current study was conducted out by visiting 126 fish farms in different microregions, namely the Centro-Leste, Vale do Jamari, Vale do Guaporé, Rio Madeira, Rio Mamoré and Zona da Mata. The interviews were carried out between November 2021 and May 2023. Field data were obtained using a fixed form. The data obtained, after being organized, were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Analyzes of frequency (%), arithmetic average (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total amplitude were used. Then, the data were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify whether the samples came from a population with normal distribution. Student's t test was applied at 5% significance level to compare the physicochemical means of water in different hydrological seasons. And, the Tukey’s test was applied at 5% significance, to compare the physicochemical means of water in different microregions and for socioeconomic information. Water quality varied significantly between the microregions, due to the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the rivers and streams, as well as the control and monitoring routine. The fish farms adopted the semi-intensive production system, with the fish distributed in semi-dug ponds. Most fish farms had their fish ponds built on the riverbed, that is, in the lower parts of the relief. It was confirmed that the Vale Jamari and the Centro-Leste are the microregions of Rondônia that most stand out in fish farm production, including in the context of family fish farming. Almost all fish farms were commercially active, although more than half of them had less than half of their production capacity. 2/3 of these fish farms traded only for the domestic market, for their micro-region. Whole fish (in natura) and frozen gutted fish (commercial cuts) are its main products. The fish cultivated in addition to tambaqui were pirarucu, matrinxã, pintado, tambatinga, pirapitinga, jaturarana and piau-açu. Fish farming was a complement to the family income from dairy and beef cattle and corn, coffee and cocoa crops. In general, family fish farming in the interior of Rondônia state is rustic and of low productivity, especially in Vale do Guaporé and Rio Mamoré. There are many challenges to overcome, such as the continuous application of good sanitary and biosafety management practices, in addition to avoiding the unregulated use of chemical products that cause changes in the environment, the health of the fish and the consumer.

This study evaluated the seasonal, spatial and limnilogical aspects that influence the distribution of fish assemblages along the São Miguel River, in the southwest of the Amazon Basin, Brazil. The results indicated the existence of spatial effects, with differences in the fish populations in the headwaters, intermediate section and at the mouth of the river, PERMANOVA (F = 2.059, df = 2, 16, p = 0.001), seasonal differences between the high- and low-water periods (F = 3.331, df = 1, 16, p = 0.001), and with the effect of spatial and seasonal interaction (F = 1.606, df = 2, 16, p = 0.012). There were also significant differences (RDA) in the composition of the fish assemblages in the different regions, considering the pH values (F = 1.417, p = 0.059) and electrical conductivity (F = 1.363, p = 0.086), but there was no effect for dissolved oxygen (F = 1.261, p = 0.152) and temperature (F = 1.339, p = 0.103). These results indicate that the differences observed in the organizational composition of the fish assemblages sampled along the São Miguel River are distributed in a longitudinal gradient, which is linked to the structural particularities of the environment, such as the presence or absence of vegetation cover, width, depth, climate and seasonality of the waters. These are factors that characterize a different pattern for the behavior and distribution of aquatic biota in the rivers existing in the region of the basin’s edge when compared to those found in the floodplains in the central part of the Amazon basin where the flood pulse is the main controller of aquatic biota.

The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of dogs infected with Leishmania chagasi in the Ariquemes microregion, Rondônia, using Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (cPCR), a molecular technique used to selectively amplify a specific region of DNA. A total of 1,000 samples of whole blood from routine clinical dogs in the Ariquemes microregion were analyzed, made available to the Laboratory of Parasitology, Entomology, and Molecular Biology focused on One Health (LAPEMSU) at the Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR) by the Diagnostika Laboratory. The samples were grouped into pools containing 10 samples per pool, totaling 100 pools. For leishmaniasis, pre-clinical signs in animals were not analyzed in the selection, and no previous tests such as microscopic or serological examinations were performed. Thus, cPCR was the only detection technique to which the samples were subjected. To identify errors in DNA extraction or inhibitors in the DNA samples, cPCR was performed for the endogenous GAPDH gene. They were then assayed for Leishmania chagasi using a conserved fragment of the kinetoplast DNA minicircle gene (kDNA), which was amplified in all samples. No amplifications of 230 base pairs were observed in the agarose gel electrophoresis for Leishmania chagasi in any of the 100 pools. The negative results in all samples can be justified by the low circulation of the parasite in dogs in these areas or by the low sensitivity and specificity of using cPCR for the detection of Leishmania chagasi in asymptomatic dogs. In these cases, the choice of whole blood can further interfere with detection, as peripheral blood commonly contains a lower level of parasites than that present in bone marrow, spleen, or lymph node aspirate. Although the results were negative for the samples analyzed, they should not be considered as absolute indicators for the overall analysis of the distribution profile of Leishmania chagasi infection in the Ariquemes microregion and especially in the state of Rondônia. However, they should serve as a contribution for further research in the region to elucidate the spatial distribution of the parasite in its canine reservoirs

Brazil is in third place in number of pets worldwide. The domestic cat population in the country is around 24.7 million animals. In the state of Rondônia, 27.4% of the households have cats, being the third state in the northern region with the highest number of domiciled cats. In the municipality of Cacoal, the cat population in 2007 was 6,795 animals, with 2,880 in the urban zone and 3,915 in the rural zone. Cats are infected by different types of etiological agents, among them gastrointestinal endoparasites, which are important not only because of their despoiling action on their host, but also because some are zoonotic. Some diseases are also caused by pathogens whose hosts are ectoparasites. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites in domestic cats in the city of Cacoal - RO: analysis under the light of one health. Participated in the study animals domiciled (n=100) in the urban area in 08 neighborhoods of the city, rural area and animals from a shelter in the municipality selected randomly. To perform the coproparasitological examination, the feces were collected directly from the sandbox and the spontaneous sedimentation technique was used. Hairs were collected at three points on the animal's body and stored in an microtube containing 70% alcohol. Clinical inspection was performed in each animal to identify ectoparasites. In this study 48 animals were positive for one or more endoparasites. Of the animals that had received anthelmintic, 53.19% were parasitized with one or more parasites. Of the pups sampled, (55/100) 20 (20/55) were positive for one or more endoparasites and in 28 (28/45) adults one or more endoparasites were identified. In both kittens and adults, Ancylostoma spp. was identified in greater numbers. Of the 100 animals sampled, 32 were positive for one or more ectoparasites. In this study, it was confirmed that there is circulation of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites in domestic cats in the municipality of Cacoal, with risk of transmission to humans, as well as transmission from humans to cats.

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Brazil has a large part of the world's tropical forests and is an important repository of biodiversity. Among the most important biological groups are primates with 140 species, 117 of them in the Amazon. However, there is a lack of ecological and population information about these species and the relationship with the significant numbers of cases of infectious diseases such as malaria, which shows the need for studies with these primates (hosts) and their relationship with vectors and humans, in the Amazon. The expressive number of malaria cases contributes to the fact that this disease is considered a major health problem in the country. Based on the assumption that the dynamics of malaria transmission involves the triad: vector mosquitoes (species of the genus Anopheles), protozoan parasites (species of the genus Plasmodium) and vertebrate hosts, our objective was to characterize the factors that affect the occurrence of malaria in the period from 2009 to 2019 in the state of Rondônia. Information available in the database was used to verify if there are spatial and temporal variations in the number of malaria cases. To understand the dynamics of malaria cases in the state of Rondônia, we evaluated the effect of the presence of host species such as primates, the annual deforestation rate, and the size of the human population on the number of malaria cases in the state. This study provides information on factors that may contribute to the number of malaria cases in the state, reinforcing knowledge about the relationship between non-human primates and the disease. It is also important to highlight the important need to identify the places where the transmission of the disease has increased zoonotic risks of spreading the infection and studies in this sense should be a priority to control the disease, as well as to determine more robust data for future predictive analyses.

The indiscriminate uses of pesticides are sources of pollution for the aquatic environment. This fact has contributed to environmental impacts on rivers, lakes, dams and production units, with fish farms. Fish are affected by changes caused by different chemical compounds, and some with bioaccumulative potential. In addition to the impacts on the environment, there are several cases of poisoning and other human health problems caused by the consumption of food contaminated by pesticides and veterinary medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and quantify pesticide residues in the muscle tissue of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in fish farms in the Microregion of Cacoal, Rondônia, through the modified QuEChERS techniques and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Serial Mass Spectrometry (LC - MS/MS). For this, samples of tambaqui muscle tissue were collected in 24 fish farms dispersed in the microregion of Cacoal, Rondônia. The samples were submitted to the extraction of the compounds by the modified QuEChERS method and for the identification and quantification of the residues, the LC - MS/MS Chromatography was used. Were 54 fish farmers were interviewed to obtain epidemiological data on good practices adopted in fish production. Of the 24 samples analyzed, 3(12.49%) positive for at least one pesticide. The chemical compounds found Azosxistrobin (fungicide) (<LOQ), Epoxiconazole (ectoparasitic and fungicide) (<LOQ) and Chlorpyrifos (carrapaticide, acaricide, insecticide and formicide) (<LOQ). Regarding the survey of good aquaculture practices, 48(88.89%) of those manage other productive activities, in addition to fish farming. Polyculture was the main production strategy adopted. And yet, 38(70.37%) respondents practice preventive, disinfection and prophylactic measures. In addition, 38(70.37%) monitors the water quality of the tanks, but with a frequency of twice a year. In addition, fish farmers have admitted administering herbicides to control aquatic plants. Finally, Perulernaea gamitanae was reported in all fish farms visited in the municipality of Espigão D’Oeste. As for this problem, the treatments used by fish farmers to combat this parasitosis were sodium chloride and Neguvon® (Trichlorfom) baths. The presence of the pesticides in tambaqui muscle tissue samples was detected above the acceptable limits by the National Plan for The Control of Waste and Contaminants in Animal Products (PNCRC). And, consequently, they demonstrate the need for continuous environmental monitoring. In addition to lighting an alert, not only for the health and survival of aquatic species. But also, for the risk to public health. Further field studies on pesticide residue destinations in rivers and fish farms near agricultural activities are recommended. Because it is worth emphasizing that, despite the differences in sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems, an intensive agricultural practice close to rivers and fish farms leads to a greater introduction of pesticides and spread of contamination, with potential for toxicity to aquatic organisms and public health.

Farmed and captured fish is currently the most produced and consumed animal protein in the world and this demand will increase as a result of population growth and the search for healthier foods. Brazil has stood out worldwide in the production of food from aquaculture and the state of Rondônia is in 3rd place in the ranking of farmed fish production, being the largest producer of native fish in Brazil, with an emphasis on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The production of native fish in the Amazon region is sustainable and has generated employment and income in local subsistence family fish farming and has increased local and global food security. Aiming to strengthen this production chain, the objective of this research is to conduct a bibliographic survey on the lipid composition of native Amazonian fish, analyze the benefits of consumption, as well as determine the lipid composition of commercial tambaqui (C. macropomum) cuts and for that this Master's Thesis is subdivided into two chapters in article format. The first chapter is a literature review on the lipid composition of native Amazonian fish and the second chapter is a research article entitled “Total omegas and lipid quality of commercial tambaqui cuts (Colossoma macropomum CUVIER, 1818) in a semi-intensive system in Rondônia, Western Amazon”. In both articles, it is evident that native fish contain monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, which are related to an anti-inflammatory effect and a lower propensity for cardiovascular disease in consumers. The commercial cuts of tambaqui (C. macropomum), from 1.8 to 2.4 kg, presented PUFA in group ω-3 and ω-6 and MUFA in group ω-7 and ω-9. As for the lipid quality, the band was the cut that presented the highest balance between SFA and MUFA and the highest PUFA content; with Σ PUFA/ΣSFA index of (0.509), atherogenicity index (AI) (0.398), thrombogenicity index (TI) (0.797) and hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic fatty acid (HH) ratios (2.255). Next, the filet was the cut that presented the best results with a ΣPUFA /ΣSFA index of (0.391), AI (0.407), TI (0.958) and HH (2.160). The rib had a ΣPUFA /ΣSFA index of (0.364), AI (0.472), TI (1.087) and HH (1.858). The bid presented a ΣPUFA/ΣSFA index of (0.278), AI (0.726), TI (1.102) and HH (1.377). However, regarding the ΣPUFA index (ω-6/ω-3) the rib (5.296) presented a higher value than the filet (3.879), the band (3.173) and the steak (2.094). Therefore, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) from Rondônia is sustainable and is an alternative in a healthy diet. 

Considering the extensive coverage of the Amazon forest, we know the important role that this forest plays for its capacity to emit Greenhouse Gases via fires or deforestation, as well as its vocation as carbon sinks, since they store excess carbon gas in the form of biomass. Thus, proper forest management can result in a considerable reduction in the increase in these gases. Furthermore, with the growing international demand for legal and sustainable wood, the policy to promote forest management gained momentum, culminating in the approval of the forest concession law, whose main objectives are to promote responsible logging, stop the invasion of public forests and deforestation subsequent. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of low impact management on forest dynamics and on biomass and carbon stocks in a forest concession area in Flona do Jamari, RO. For this, a broader scale assessment of the forest was carried out using LiDAR technology, and another on a smaller scale using permanent plots. Two environments were assumed: UPA 1, containing control plots in which there was no exploration in its interior, and UPA 4, where the plots where exploration took place are located. All individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured and identified. The intervention evaluated in sampling units with exploration was minimal, such that it did not result in significant changes in the floristic composition and density of individuals. The scenario shown by the analysis of LiDAR data for the evaluation of the forest understory and the canopy corroborated what was verified, and showed that the management carried out under concessions causes disturbances below that established by the standard. It was estimated in the understory, 7.47% of the total area damaged, being 3.80% due to clearings opened by the individuals' harvest and 3.67% due to the operation infrastructure. The skid trails caused the most disturbance. Canopy changes were estimated at 7.36% and 2.55%, respectively, for the years 2014 (newly logged forest) and 2020 (after six years from the end of logging). The evaluation of the biomass and carbon stock showed that after six years of exploration the values obtained were close to the stock verified before the intervention, indicating the forest's responsiveness to biomass production and carbon incorporation. The increments in biomass and carbon by evaluation periods showed a similar pattern of increase obtained between the control area and the logging plots. Despite this, it is observed in the sample units where there was exploration, a greater increase from one period to the other. The species Tachigali spp, Tachigali setifera, Peltogyne paniculata, Protium spp., Bertholletia excelsa and Dinizia excelsa were the ones that most stood out as carbon accumulators, proving to be important species that provide environmental services. Therefore, the study showed that exploration carried out under a concession regime allows for the sustainable use of forest resources and services, while helping to maintain the integrity of the forest remnant.

Coffee production in Brazil is an example of the subordination of women in agricultural activities. Economic activity considered by many a practice exercised mainly by male labor. In fact, a significant portion of the coffee work force is female, contributing significantly to weeding, fertilizing, picking up the coffee and in the yard during the drying of beans. In this context, the International Women's Coffee Alliance (IWCA) has sought to expand knowledge and bring together platforms and groups of women linked to coffee growing, in different patterns of knowledge. Recently, Rondônia joined the International Coffee Women Alliance - IWCA Brazil, however there are no studies on the sociocultural and economic profile of coffee women in Rondônia, since the activity is in its fourth year of implementation. Within this context, this study aimed to analyze the socio-economic-cultural profile of the coffee growers in the Zona da Mata Rondoniense region and in some municipalities outside the area, as well as their concerns and difficulties in women's empowerment, aiming at satisfaction with the activity they perform, the work/family relationship and their self-esteem. For this purpose, visits were made to 20 coffee plantations, residing in the municipalities of Novo Horizonte do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Cacoal, Minister Andreaza, Vale do Anarí, Nova Brasilândia do Oeste and São Miguel do Guaporé, to apply a semi-structured questionnaire with closed and open questions. For a better understanding by the interviewees, the questionnaires were divided into three dimensions: the first, related to data on education, age, number of children and ethnicity; the second, on the production of coffee on the property; and the third, their perceptions of activity. In this study, it was observed that a large part of the interviews were young people, aged under 45 years and developed coffee in small rural properties, mainly related to family activities. Among the technologies adopted on the properties, the "Sprouting Process" was the most reported among the interviewees, and was directly linked to satisfaction with the coffee activity and the higher yield and price of coffee bags sold after the competition for quality and sustainability of coffee from Rondônia (CONCAFÉ). At the same time, micro-lot production of specialty coffees was observed, reaching a small niche in the consumer market, which gives future prospects for the creation of an association or cooperative to increase production and industrialization and reach a larger consumer market.

In the state of Rondônia, in coffee exploration areas, observation of an increase in the occurrence of phytonematodes attack. Seeking greater control in the dissemination of these pathogens, some phytosanitary measures, such as the use of nematicides, have been adopted, since most nurseries in Rondônia still use soil as a substrate. This work aimed to test the control of root-knot nematodes Meloigogyne incognita by means of solar heating at a minimum temperature of 60 °C, using equipment called a solarizer, in an adapted version of the original model, built by hand, with a box. made of wood covered with metal sheets, thermal blankets, painted black, with aluminum pipes measuring 0.5 cm in diameter, installed at the bottom of the box, inside which the heated water circulates, the part by means of resistances and direct sunlight action. Soil prepared at a ratio of 1: 2 soil / sand were inoculated with a suspension of 1000 eggs + J2 of M. incognita per liter and stored in the equipment that has a capacity of 150 liters of soil. Exposure times at a minimum temperature of 60 °C were obtained, with 15 treatments: C1 (not inoculated and not autoclaved), C2 (inoculated), C3 (not inoculated and autoclaved) T0 ', T15', T30 ', T45', T60', T180', T360', T720', T1440', T2880' and T4320'. The temperature was controlled by a conventional thermometer. The soil was removed according to the time of exposure to a temperature of 60ºC, and placed in 8 liter pots, in which coffee seedlings of clone 125 and BRS 2356 known as susceptible to M. incognita were transplanted, and individually in the house of vegetation for 180 days, and tomato of the Santa Cruz KADA variety in 2-liter pots, litter in a greenhouse for 60 days. The experimental design used was DIC, with 6 repetitions, with each plant/pot considered a repetition. The reproduction factor (FR), number of eggs per plant (NOGR) and number of galls per gram of root (NGGR) were adopted. The variables FR, NOGR and NGGR were determined according to the time of exposure to a temperature of 60ºC. All treatments dissipated to control the population of M. incognita in infected soils in the proportion of 1000 eggs per liter of soil, with 100% efficiency from Treatment T45 ’for the production of Coffea Canephora seedlings.

The pyroligneous extract or wood vinegar is an aqueous solution of condensed organic compounds from the smoke emitted in the carbonization process, it has about 3% of organic matter formed by dozens of chemical substances. This substance has several applications, and among them there are reports in the literature related to seed germination. As there are several types of extracts available on the commerce, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of two extracts acquired in the local commerce of the zona da mata Rondoniense, here called pyroligneous extract (EPP) and yellow (EPAM), because they have these colors. Thus, the effect of these products on forage seed germination was evaluated: Zea mays - hybrid maize AG 1051 (VC 84.9%) , Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu (VC 37.8%) and Panicum maximum cv. mombaça (VC 24%), using transparent plastic trays added with Germitest®. The study had a completely randomized design, taking place in a germinating chamber type mangelsdorf model SL-207 for 15 days at a temperature of 30°. The evaluated solutions were at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 100%, in addition to the absolute control (distilled water), in three repetitions. For statistical evaluation, the SISVAR program was used and the F test at 5% significance was performed. The seed treatments in corn, Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum with pyroligneous extract from the two sources did not show any significant effect on average germination speed. For the length of radicle and epiocotyl, evaluated on the 15th day, it did not generate significance either. Despite the environmental appeal related to the product, with improved germination, increased ground cover speed - protecting it against erosive conditions, among others, with this study, advantages were observed in relation to the evaluations carried out. However, it is noteworthy that due to the variety of lignocellulosic material and the processes related to the time and temperature of obtaining the extract, a variety of substances may be present in different concentrations. And with that, the different results found in the literature are verified. What cannot be ruled out is the use of wood residues when there are other possibilities of use for the pyroligneous extract.

This study aims to identify the socio-environmental impacts that occur in Joelândia, a district in the rural area of Ariquemes/RO. These impacts come from the construction of two small hydroelectric plants (SHP Jamari and SHP Canaã), and from the planting of soybeans in the region. From 2009 on, the inhabitants of this locality began to move away from the area because of the flooding caused by the construction of the small power plants and the occurrence of the expansion of soybean planting, which has been slowly growing and contributing to the local rural exodus. As a result of this exodus, the number of students at the Municipal School "Paulina Mafini" has decreased. Based on the reports of the residents, the socio-environmental and economic impacts caused by the expansion of soybeans and by the flooding caused by the SHPs were ascertained. This study aims to determine whether the soybean expansion and the construction of the SHPs are responsible for the reduction of inhabitants in the local community and the proportion of socio-environmental impacts.

The vegetative propagation of Coffea canephora coffee plants uses vegetative propagules, called cuttings, which come from clonal gardens. In this way, the nutritional management of this garden might be planned so that the plants produce the largest number of cuttings possible and nutritionally balanced. The objective of this proposal was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses of fertilizers on C. canephora parent plants on the production of vegetative propagules and on the growth of clonal seedlings. The experiment was divided into two stages: in the first, C. canephora Robusta botanical variety coffee trees were used, performed on clonal garden of genetic improvement program of Embrapa-RO. the plots were composed of seven nitrogen doses (0 ; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250 and 300 kg nitrogen per hectare per cycle, applied as urea form), divided into four applications. The cuttings production was evaluated in two times, January and June 2019. In the second stage, the seedlings growth was measured from the parameters: the cuttings mass, the nutritional content of cuttings and the seedlings production, with analysis of growth, in days zero; 48; 60; 81; 102; 123; 140 and 160 after staking and analysis of vegetative characteristics, at 123 DAE. Between September and January, C. canephora coffee trees produce a greater amount of vegetative mass and, consequently, of vegetative propagules, than between January and June, under the conditions of the South Western Amazon. In the way, the nutrients concentrations in the tissues change with the time of the year due to the nutrients availability in the soil and with the amount of accumulated dry mass. Increased nitrogen doses result in an increase in vegetative mass, propagules and nitrogen and potassium concentrations, but do not affect the phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sulfur levels in the vegetative propagules of C. canephora and, regardless of the N dose applied. The nutrient contents in the cuttings follows the order K> N> Ca> P> Mg> S. The N and K contents in the cutting increases while the content of Ca decreases and the P, Mg and S levels are not altered with the increase of nitrogen doses, applied in plants of coffee plants C. Canephora. The results indicated a significant relationship between higher N doses and production of seedlings with greater length and diameter of stem, volume of roots, leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part and total.

The growth pattern is one of the most important biological characteristics in terms of assessing population dynamics and managing natural stocks. The Amazonian ichthyofauna is considered one of the largest in the world, with about 2,406 valid fish species. Among this vast biodiversity is the "piranha-preta" (Serrasalmus rhombeus), a predatory fish that acts by regulating the abundance of other species, thus playing a fundamental role in the balance of aquatic ecosystems. In order to generate biological data on ichthyofauna species and contribute to appropriate management plans and the conservation of Amazonian fishery resources, this study aimed to estimate the somatic growth parameters for S. rhombeus and to assess whether there is a difference in growth trajectories between individuals, sex and location. The sampling was carried out with bimonthly collections in the reservoirs of the SHPs Ângelo Cassol and Cachimbo Alto located in the Branco River, Rondônia, between October 2018 and November 2019. The analysis of the marginal increment based on data from 163 otoliths indicated the formation of a single annual ring between February and April, at the peak of the rainy season. Based on the reading of the growth rings, the age for the captured individuals ranged from one to nine years. The retrocalculation method was applied to establish length estimates at ages prior to capture. Three mixed non-linear growth models, based on the von Bertalanffy equation, were constructed considering the individual effect as a random factor, while sex and location were considered as fixed factors. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to decide between the three models, which better explains the growth parameters of S. rhombeus. The best model that explained the variation in length in age was obtained by the model that considered individual variation and gender, followed by the model that considered an individual and local variation. The results show that the growth of S. rhombeus varies between individuals and sex. In this way, sex is a source of variation in growth for the species, with growth dimorphism in favor of females. Thus, the biological data and the individual growth trajectories constructed in this study can be used as subsidies for the management and conservation of Amazonian fishing resources, as such information makes it possible to make predictions of the effect of the species on the structure of the fish community in reservoirs.

Nutritious food with benefits that promote the health of the human body, are the reasons for the increased demand for fish on the consumer's table. The search for healthy foods motivated the growth in research related to this issue. The purpose of this research was to determine the proximate composition and the amount of omegas 3, 6 and 9 present in the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) meat in two states in the northern region of Brazil. For this, 7 wild fish and 7 fish farmed in the states of Amazonas (AM) and Rondônia (RO) were selected, totaling 28 samples.  As for the proximate composition, there were significant differences (ANOVA, F_(3,22) = 34,993, p < 0,05) between groups and environments, however, the group of wild tambaquis from both states and the group of fish farming in Rondônia were the ones that showed the best results. For omegas, all groups showed differences between themselves (ANOVA, F_(8,30) = 16,213, e p < 0,05), however only the group of wild tambaquis from Amazonas stood out with the highest concentrations of omegas 3 and 9 in their body composition and omega 6 in a balanced amount. Therefore, the group that stood out in these analyzes was the group of wild tambaqui from the Amazonas.

Indigenous peoples have a vast knowledge about nature, because for a long time they depended only on it for survival, ethnobotany is the science that researches the relationship between man and plants, based on this context and concept research was reali ized in Indian village Paiter line 09 located on indigenous land Sete de Setembro in the state of Rondônia, with the indigenous people Paiter Surui , and you 've intended to meet the traditional knowledge in relation to medicinal plants in the village before and after the contact with the non - indigenous are under the contribution of ethnobotanic , and understand their historical cultural process and the path taken after contact. For this, semi-structured forms and ethnographic research were applied with extensive experience with the community . From the research it was found that more than 80 species of medicinal plants were widely used by the Paiter , used mainly for the period of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, digestive system, diseases, respiratory, skin, among others. In yet through research we observed a change in the healing practices of Paiter Surui resulting from intense contact with non - indigenous society, causing the new generations do not learn on the use of plants, preferring pharmacy remedies. In this context, research contributes to the preservation of plants and knowledge based on the ethnobotanical record of the knowledge remaining in the community.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nematicidal effect of plant species present in the Amazonian Biome, in the form of extracts and biofumigation in the control of the coffee root nematode. The experiments was conducted at the Embrapa Rondônia Plant Pathology Laboratory in Porto Velho, in a completely randomized delimitation, with six replications. In the first chapter, it was tested the effects of the extracts of Capsicum frutescens, Copaifera sp., Cecropia sp., Piper nigrum, Vismia guianensis and cassava root aqueous extract (manipueira) in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in a susceptible clone of Coffea canephora, c. 750. Under the conditions evaluated, after ANOVA and Scott knot’s mean test, the extracts of C. papaya, manipueira and C. frutescens (1:10g/mL) showed the best results were obtained after 120 days of inoculation to the reproductive factor (RF) (0.31, 0.39, 0.55) when compared with water (2.79). About number of galls/g of root (NºG/gR), it was highlighted mango tree when compared to water (2.88; 17.98). About the number of eggs/root grass (NºO/gR), C. papaya (1:10) and manipueira were highleted when compared to the nematicide carbofuran (1333, 3273, 4176, respectively). About the dry weight of the roots (DWR) was highlighted Cecropia sp. (1:10 and 1: 100), with 27.26 and 31.0 g, as compared to water (8.09 g). In the second chapter testing the use of the incorporation of Copaifera sp. and V. guianensis, it was observed that, for the NºG/gR, FR and NºO/gR, the treatment V. guianensis dry and incorporated 15 days before was highlighted in comparison to the nematicide. However, it is observed that in the use of dry or fresh material, there was some deleterious effect on the growth of the plants, both in the root system and in the aerial part of the plants, when compared to the untreated control, although only in the case of Vismia there was significant difference when compared to control. The results show that it is possible to inhibit the pathogen with the use of extracts in plants of C. papaya (1:10 and 1: 100), manipueira, C. frutescens (1:10 and 1: 100) and P. nigrum (1:10) and by incorporation of dried and crushed leaves of V. guianensis into the substrate for coffee seedlings. The results obtained in the two experiments, confirm the potential of the extracts and biofumigation in the control of the root-knot nematode and the applicability using it in the alternative management of M. incognita.

The pirarucus produced in fish farms are exposed to stress factors due to the intensification of storage density of nurseries and the low water quality. Therefore, animal nutrition should seek formulations that reinvigorate the metabolism and stimulate the immune system of the fish, without harming the environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the benefits in the zootechnical performance and in the physiological system of Arapaima gigas with the inclusion of virginiamycin in the diet. The study was developed at the Carlos Eduardo Matiazze Fishery Center, Federal University of Rondônia. It was used 96 pirarucus with initial weight of 7,400±0.13 g distributed in excavated nursery subdivided into 16 hapas. The fish were submitted to two treatments, (zero) 0.0 and 75.0 mg kg^-1 of ration with virginiamycin, with eight replicates in a completely randomized design. Virginiamycin was diluted in 96º alcohol and incorporated into the commercial diet of 36 % crude protein by daily sprinkling. With 107 days of culture in biometrics and monthly morphometric evaluations, fish were slaughtered with a mean weight of 9.18 kg. The pirarucu were evaluated for carcass weight, fish blanket, residues and internal organs to calculate the productive yields and the Spearman correlation and also presented the polynomial regression. Blood was collected from three fish from each hapa to make a blood smear. Micronucleus quantification was performed by counting 1,000 cells per slide. The data obtained were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test for (α =0.05). The qualitative averages were submitted to the test of means contrasts, Studant's T test for (α=0.05). Virginiamycin in the feeding of pirarucus did not cause oscillations in the limnological variables of the nursery. The average yields in carcass, manta and residues were 67.43, 53.4 and 43.14 % respectively. Virginiamycin in the diet favored the immune system of pirarucus by reducing micronucleated erythrocytes. The additive provided better correlations (ρ²) for carcass yields, manta in relation to body weight, manta in relation to carcass weight, weight gain and apparent feed conversion, and lower yield at slaughter residue. The hepatosomatic index indicated a strong relationship between liver weight and fat. Virginiamycin may be recommended for fish farming in pirarucu fattening because it contributes to the productive efficiency and sustainability of the cropping system.

The development of agriculture has led to the exarchs use of natural resources, mainly on the Amazon rainforest, with often irreversible wear and tear. The form of land use has varied over the years and the emergence of new technologies and adequate management are the alternatives to reduce the degradation of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies that can characterize the different situations encountered by rural producers, since this information is the basis for the allocation of policies that promote rural development, without increasing the levels of Degradation of the land, thus the objective of this study was to perform the economic technical survey of properties of the municipality of Rolim de Moura-RO, tracing the profile of the producer and its correlation with the use of land due to the preservation of its resources. For this, a study was conducted through interviews with semi-structured questionnaires, in 141 properties, randomly between the periods from September 01 to October 21, 2017. Data were tabulated in electronic spreadsheets and processed by descriptive statistics. It was observed that the rural population of the municipality mostly consists of men (53.16%) And those responsible for the family management, with a mean age of 51.68 years, the degree of study is up to the 5th year for 59.92% of respondents. The plots were acquired with own resources, however, the average size of the properties is up to two fiscal modules. The preservation of natural Reucusos is a concern of the owners, because 56.83% have still forest reserves, especially in the areas of permanent preservation (APP's), since the occupation of the lot was reported changes in the bodies of water in 57.86% of the properties. The distribution of land use is varied in the municipality, the land is used mostly for the formation of pastures, annual and perennial crops, besides reserving part of the property for the fallow and Lethal reserve (RL). The bovine culture is practiced by 84.40% of the interviewees, with a higher proportion for the cut-off bovine culture followed by the Milkmaid. Agriculture occupies the following production sector, with major annual crops such as rice, vegetables, peanuts and manioc, and perennial (coffee, orange, and Acerola), predominate the monoculture in 58.87% of the lots. The use of land is made intensely in the Municipal, where large areas are used for production thus affecting the preservation of natural resources, one of the alternatives for the increase of preserved areas without a decrease in production is the use of technologies, technical assistance, and credit lines. In general there is awareness about the preservation of natural resources in all owners, because they understand their real need, however this responsibility should not be a burden only for producers and not only should they be Responsible for the degradation of the environment or for its restoration, must be the junction of the whole society, mainly of the political environment for incentives to produce and preserve environmental resources and services in order to reduce the problems of Vulnerability to land use issues.

In view of the importance of the phosphorus requirement for plants, in face of the current environmental challenges, especially in relation to the soil degradation due to the growth of the agricultural sector, the knowledge of soil phosphorus dynamics can contribute to the proper use of phosphate fertilizations, providing the increase of the productivity of the areas without wastes avoiding thus the contamination of the environment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of management in a pasture area and an area under two cropping systems (PDC - Continuous Direct Planting and PRT - Traditional Preparation), in the availability and predominant forms of phosphorus in the soil. The experiments are located in the municipality of Rolim de Moura-RO. The pasture area is composed of a randomized block design (DBC) with four replications, the treatments being composed of five limestone doses and five single superphosphate doses, added to the soil at the implementation of the experiment in the year 2010. Soil samples were collected in the year 2012 and 2017 to evaluate the effect of the period without phosphate fertilization in the forms of P. The systems area has DBC with three replicates and the treatments are composed of PDC and PRT and two crop rotations. In both areas, soil samples were collected at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm). The analysis of variance was used in both areas and, when significant, regression was performed for the pasture area and Tukey test for the systems area. Even in the presence of high P₂O₅ dosages, after a long period without fertilization, the P forms are similar to those in the area that had not received phosphate fertilization, and the contents in unavailable form are higher than the forms available to the plants. The use of more conservationist systems promoted the increase of the organic forms of P more available to the plants, due to the greater accumulation of vegetal residues in the soil. Thus, the use of managements that contribute to the greater contribution of soil residues and the adoption of fertilizations with lower doses in smaller ranges of applications contribute to the greater availability of P to the plants and can avoid possible contamination to the environment with the use of high doses of phosphate fertilization.

The agricultural activities have been promoting changes in the physical quality of the soil, with productivity decline mainly in pasture areas, where animal trampling causes changes in the physical attributes of the soil, limiting the full root and aerial development of the forage grasses, culminating in the degradation of the pastures. Thus, this work had the objective of evaluating the changes in productivity and root system of forage grasses and the physical quality of a red-yellow latosol submitted to different states of compaction. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Rolim de Moura Campus (RO) of the Federal University of Rondônia - UNIR on a dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol with clay texture. The experimental design was a randomized block in split-plot scheme. In the plots were allocated four states of the soil induced compaction, being: 0, 1, 2 and 6 passed from a tractor. In the subplots four species of forage grasses were implanted, being Brachiaria ruziziensis (Brachiaria ruziziensis); Brachiaria MG-5 (Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-5); Mombaça (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and Zuri (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri) with three replicates. Were evaluated in the soil, the density macro, microporosity, total porosity, soil resistance the penetration and aggregate stability. In the forage grasses, root system, population density of tillers, plant height, leaf dry mass / dry shoot mass ratio and dry shoot mass were evaluated. There was an increase in soil density and resistance to penetration, and a decrease in macroporosity and total soil porosity with the increase in soil compaction. Soil microporosity, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter were not affected by additional compaction. Analyzing the root system of forage grasses, reductions in diameter, length and root surface area were observed, with a decrease of 62% in root length, when compared the treatment without traffic,to what  received six passes of the tractor. The tiller population tiller density and plant height were not influenced by soil compaction, while leaf dry mass/stem dry mass was influenced as a function of the induced compaction states, the dry mass of the presented shoot showed interaction between the factors being influenced this through the both by compaction of the soil and by forage grasses.

Brazil is the country with the highest production and export of coffee. However, although well adapted to Brazilian soil and climatic conditions, aspects related to the attack of pathogens cause concern. Among these, Root-knot nematode, which can directly affect coffee productivity, is highlighted. As an alternative for Meloidogyne incognita control, the change of seminal coffees of low technological performance by resistant clonal coffees is used. However, estimates of global climate change scenarios suggest that these may affect the clone resistance, in addition to altering the resourcefulness of the endoparasite in the host. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperature and humidity on two clones of C. canephora, resistant and susceptible to Root-knot nematode. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Rondônia, in Porto Velho/RO, in randomized blocks, containing 8 treatments and 6 replicates per treatment, being 25 ^oC x 75%, 25 ^oC x 85%, 25 ^oC x 95%, 35 ^oC x 85%  (temperature x humidity), inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Seedlings of clones 723 (susceptible) and 194 (resistant), 4 months old, were planted in a 8 liter substrate vessel (sand and soil, 2:1, respectively). In the treatments with pathogen, a suspension containing 5000 eggs per pot was inoculated and for the control treatment water was used. After 130 days, epidemiological parameter (fresh weight, dry weight, reproduction factor, number of eggs/g root, number of galls/g root, total egg numbers) and activity of enzymes related to the plant defense mechanism such as: Catalase, Phenylalanine Ammonia Liase, Peroxidase and Ascorbate Peroxidase were evaluated. Enzymatic assays followed specific methodologies for each enzyme evaluated, according to the protocol used in our laboratory. Results showed that the weight of fresh and dry matter of both clones reduced after stress at 25 ^oC x 95%, showing a possible reduction of nutrient absorption. Enzymatic assays of leaf extracts resulted in CAT expression only for inoc/ninoc 194 clone at 25 ^oC x 75%, with reduction of POX in clones 194 from 5.0 UA/mgP to 2.5 UA/mgP after 25 ^oC x 95% and absence of APX, evidencing that the clones evaluated in this study have different enzymatic response profiles, probably being related to the genetic characteristics of the materials and/or to the biotic stress (nematode) or the abiotic stress (high humidity conditions).

n coffee, the expression of beverage quality is influenced by the effects of genotypes and environments. The differential response of plants to environmental variations makes evaluations in different environments essential for the development of new varieties. The objective of this work is to quantify the genotype x environment interaction of the beverage quality of C. canephora superior clones grown in the Western Amazon. For this purpose, the beverage quality of 20 clones with hybrid characteristics between the Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties was evaluated in experiments conducted in six environments of the states of Rondônia and Acre. The classification of the beverage was performed according to the Robusta Fine Tasting Protocol, which quantifies the quality from a note ranging from 0 to 100, highlighting the nuances of the clones. The performance of the clones in different environments was analyzed considering analysis of simple and joint variance, estimates of genetic parameters and dispersion in the plane of the centroid method. The F-test of the individual analyzes of variance indicates a significant difference among the clones in the evaluated environments. Estimates of the experimental coefficient of variation and individual heritability indicated good experimental conduction in the environments and predominance of the genotype effect in the expression of this characteristic. The interaction genotypes x environments was significant at 1% probability indicating the differential behavior of clones in different environments. The environmental index indicated that the environments of Alta Floresta do Oeste and Ouro Preto do Oeste were favorable for the quality of the drink. The environments Ariquemes, Porto Velho, Rio Branco irrigated and Rio Branco dryland presented negative environmental effect on the note of quality of the drink. In general, there is a small difference in the mean of the scores between the best and the worst environment. The dispersion in the centroid method shows that six clones approached the ideal plant of maximum quality in all environments. Clones BRS2314, 11 and 17 had the lowest values of i. The BRS2314 clone presented fine-type beverage quality with an overall average of 83.8 in all environments. The differentiated expression of the quality of the beverage in the evaluated environments subsidizes the development of new clones for the production of specialty coffees.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between the internal angle formed between the sides of the rump (IAR), visual evaluation of the degree of finishing, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat and the weight losses of the carcasses after cooling in  intact and castrated males and cows. In this study, 989 cows, 119 intact males and 211 castrated males were evaluated. The AIG of the animals was measured using a goniometer, the visual evaluation of the carcass finishing (VECF) was performed on the warm carcass after skinning and the evaluation of the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) was performed on the cold carcass, with a digital caliper placed in a cut between the 12th and 13th rib, for weight loss after cooling (PPAR) the warm carcass weight was collected after the carcass toilet and the cold carcass weight was collected after the carcasses remained 18 hours in the cold chamber at 0 ° C. Carcasses were classified on the basis of AIG in 3 categories: inadequate (I) for carcasses with a finishing degree of 1 and 2; (A) for carcasses with a degree of finish of 3 and 4; Excessive (E) for carcasses with a degree of finish 5. There was a positive linear relationship between AIG and HVAC (y = 98.29 + 5.78 * x, R2 = 0.53, P <0.001) and between AIG and EGS (y = 0.26 + 0.51 * x, R2 = 0.51, P <0.001) in cows, there was a positive linear relationship between AIG and HVAC (y = 5.5502x + 113.64, R2 = 0, 52) and a low ratio between AIG and EGS (y = 2.3937x-01503; R2 = 0.49) in castrated males. Cows classified as having an excessive fat level according to the IAE scale presented higher AIG and EGS than cows classified as inadequate or adequate (P <0.001). Likewise, cows classified as adequate presented higher AIG and EGS than cows classified as inadequate (P <0.001). These results demonstrate that in vivo AIG measurement in Nelore cows and castrated males can provide a good indication of the fat level of their carcass.

The integrated crop-livestock (ICL) and crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems have been increasingly suggested as sustainable production alternatives, besides being collaborators in the mitigation of greenhouse gases. However, for the potential benefits of these alternatives to be realized, it is fundamental to understand facts related to the plant-animal interface. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of grazing, nutrient intake and the emission of enteric CH₄ by dairy heifers in ICL and ICLF systems. In order to evaluate the nutritional quality, the bromatological composition and the in situ degradability of the grass Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés under grazing on both systems. The in situ degradability assay was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three non-lactating, non-lactating cows with rumen cannula, which received shrimp samples from both systems incubated at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. To evaluate the intake and emission of enteric CH₄, an experiment was conducted in a 2x2 crossover design, considering two integration systems (ICL and ICLF) and two experimental periods. In order to do so, eight Holstein x Gir heifers were used, with mean age of 25 ± 6.8 months and 268 ± 83 kg of live weight, divided into two homogenous groups for age, blood level and weight. Intake was estimated from the relationship between daily fecal production and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The estimate of the enteric methane emission was based on the model CH₄ (MJ.dia^-1) = 71.47 (± 22.14) × (1 - exp (-0.0156 (± 0.0051) × DMI)), R² = 0.826. Where DMI = dry matter intake kg.day^-1. The ICL xaraés grass showed the highest effective degradability of NDF at 2%.h^-1 flow rate in relation to the ICLF grass (46.38 vs 44.98%). However, the potential degradability of crude protein was higher in the grass of the ICLF system (68.92 vs 65.40%). The intake of DM, CP and NDF did not differ among the systems, however, the consumption of TDN (61.81 vs 5.75), NFC (2.34 vs 1.65) and TC (8.13 vs 6.73) were higher in the ICL system compared to ICLF (P <0.06). The CH₄ emission in MJ.CPI^-1 (10.94 vs 8.40) was lower in MJ.TDNI^-1 (1.47 vs 1.53), MJ.NFCI^-1 (4.26 vs 5.36) and MJ.TCI^-1 (1.23 vs 1.31) higher in the ICLF than in the ICL system (P <0.001), however, the emission of CH₄ g.dia^-1, MJ.dia^-1, g.DMI^-1, MJ.DMI^-1 and MJ.NDFI^-1 did not differ between systems (P> 0.05). The presence of trees in the pasture interferes with the nutritional composition of the Xaraés grass, with an increase in the content and degradability of protein, and a decrease in the degradability of fiber. Dairy heifers kept in ICL and ICLF grazing systems Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés do not differ in the intake of DM and the daily enteric methane emission per animal.

The milk production chain in Rondônia has a prominent position in the state economy and is characterized as family based. The quality of milk is a point of extreme importance in the production chain because it involves aspects related to the consumer, producers and dairy industries. The study of tools that assess geographical attributes related to herd location and milk quality indicators can be exploited geostatistically to identify agglomerates, which may indicate regional differences and assist in the definition of management strategies for these regions. This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary and compositional quality of refrigerated milk and to identify clusters of these indicators obtained from milk samples from cooling tanks located in the State of Rondônia. 660 milk cooling tanks located in the microregions of Ariquemes, Cacoal, Colorado, Ji-Paraná, Vilhena and Porto Velho were evaluated. The results were obtained from the dairy industry database and considered the official results of bacterial count (CPP), somatic cell count (CCS), protein (PROT), fat (GOR), lactose (LAC), defatted dry extract (EST), total dry extract (ESD) for the rainy season (January, February and March) and the dry period (June, July and August) of the year 2015. For the preparation of the spatial distribution maps of milk quality indicators maps was used ArcView 3.1® program. The spatial dependence was evaluated through geostatistics, using the ordinary Kriging method for data interpolation. The mean CPP, CCS, PROT, GOR, LAC, ESD, EST of the tanks evaluated were 684,000 cfu/mL, 241,000 cels / mL, 3.2%, 3.2%, 4.5%, 8.7% and 12.0%. Considering the adequacy of the indicators to the limits defined in the current legislation, it was observed that the microbiological requirement represents a great challenge for the productive chain, with 60.9% of the tanks evaluated with TBC results above 300,000 cfu/mL. The results of cooling tank frequencies adequate to the limits established in the legislation for SCC, PROT, LAC, ESD, EST were ≥ 95%. Spatial dependence was observed for all the indicators evaluated and the maps showed the intervals of the results of the indicators considering the limits of the legislation and distribution by quartiles, indicating the areas of interest for policy and private action focused on improving the quality of milk in the state.

This work determined the presence of pharmaceutical micro-pollutants (ketoprofen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, propranolol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone and caffeine), as well as the physicochemical and microbiological parameters in surface waters of the Ji-paraná River (Machado) basin, in the tributaries (Machado River, Pimenta Bueno and Barão de Melgaço), and a sub-tributary (Pires de Sá River), in the cities of Cacoal, Pimenta Bueno, Vilhena and Ji-paraná located in the state of Rondônia and correlated the possible deleterious effects of these products on the ecosystem and human health. Micropollutant determination was adapted from existing analyzes using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitation. The method of extraction and quantization of the 11 compounds proved to be efficient for the identification of 7 micro- pollutants in the analyzed samples. Caffeine was the most frequently found compound in the samples, estradiol was the hormone found in higher concentrations and ethinyl estradiol (the main component of birth control pills) had a higher recurrence in the analyzed samples. The obtained results indicate the influence of anthropic activity in the Ji-paraná river basin, in tributaries and sub-tributaries, mainly due to domestic sewage. The fragility of sanitation systems coupled with population growth, as well as the constant consumption of various pharmaceutical products, has helped to release various pollutants into surface waters, most of these polluting agents are found in very low concentrations in microgram order. , nanograms or pictograms and are not part of an environmental monitoring control or even legislated, which makes the issue difficult to solve.

Agroforestry systems (AFS) are sustainable forms of production, considered as an option to reduce deforestation and promote socioeconomic development without compromising natural resources. In this sense, this research aimed to understand the knowledge of family farmers in the management of agroforestry systems in the central region of Rondônia. The present work was structured in two chapters, the first addresses the knowledge of family farmers associated with floristic composition and phytosociological structure in APS, and the second assesses whether the management adopted by family farmers on vegetation influences soil quality in these agrosystems. Six SAF were selected in the municipality of Cacoal, Rondônia. As inclusion criteria, the following were considered as crops of main economic interest: Coffee (Coffea sp.) And Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). The agroecosystems sampled did not exceed the limit of one hectare. To meet the objectives of Chapter 1, two participatory investigative procedures were employed: semi-structured interview and cross-sectional walk. FAS were classified according to the level of management and the ecosystem services provided. A floristic / phytosociological survey was performed of all individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm, established at 1.30m from the ground. With the data, the parameters of Jaccard similarity, Shannon diversity, Pielou equability, density, dominance, coverage value, diametric structure and vertical structure were calculated. For Chapter 2, vegetation matrices and edaphic variables were standardized using Hellinger transformation. The results were submitted to principal component analysis, canonical correlation analysis and canonical redundancy. Family farmers use the knowledge gained over time through the exchange of experiences, observations and trials to manage and direct agri-food areas. The systems of the region were considered with a low degree of intervention, contributing to the conservation of biodiversity in forest fragments. These are diverse areas that provide multiple ecosystem goods and services for family farmers. A total of 577 trees were identified, with a richness of 64 species, of which 58 are distributed in 52 genera and 22 botanical families. The families with the highest species diversity were Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Bignoniaceae and Moraceae. FAS showed low similarity and denoted from low to high diversity and uniformity to each other. The most important species in the structure of agroecosystems were mostly from natural regeneration. Areas with less intervention have greater regenerative balance and structural complexity. The management of the diverse component of shade trees and the cultivation of legume species significantly influence the edaphic variables in agroecosystems, as it contributes to increased fertility and soil conservation. Coffee and Cacao cultivation grown under the diverse canopy of forest species represent a high quality matrix that contributes to the social and ecological stability of the region.