Credit Cooperatives and Regional Development: Evidence from Brazilian Regions between 2019 and 2023
Cooperativism; Regional development; Financial inclusion; Socioeconomic indicators.
Credit cooperatives have become an important instrument for financial inclusion and regional development in Brazil. Despite their expansion, significant inequalities persist in the territorial distribution of cooperatives and their potential effects on socioeconomic indicators. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the association between credit cooperative indicators and regional development indicators in the five Brazilian regions, from 2019 to 2023, using quantitative analysis, complemented by a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA protocol. Secondary data from the Central Bank of Brazil, the Organization of Brazilian Cooperatives, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. Econometric models, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Poisson regression were employed for data analysis. The results indicated that variables related to the financial capacity of cooperatives, especially credit operations, net worth, and assets, showed significant associations with regional development indicators. PCA identified two central dimensions of cooperativism: financial and occupational. Furthermore, it was found that regional effects were more relevant than temporal variations, suggesting a strong influence of structural and territorial factors. It is concluded that the contribution of credit cooperatives to regional development is more associated with the economic intensity of their operations than with the mere institutional presence of cooperatives, reinforcing their potential as an instrument for financial inclusion and strengthening local economies.