RESEARCH IN ETHNOMATHEMATICS BY INDIGENOUS AUTHORS IN BRAZIL: CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCHOOL EDUCATION
Ethnomathematics. Indigenous. Indigenous authorship. State of knowledge.
This research was developed in the Master's course in Mathematics Education, of the Graduate Program in Mathematics Education, of the Federal University of Rondonia. It is structured based on the following question: What contributions of Ethnomathematics to the development of indigenous school education emerge from the theses and dissertations produced by indigenous researchers? To answer this question, the following general objective was developed: To unravel the contributions of Ethnomathematics to the development of indigenous school education that emerge from the theses and dissertations produced by Brazilian indigenous researchers. This general objective is divided into the following specific objectives: i) To understand the historicity of the indigenous schooling process in Brazil; ii) Identify theses and dissertations produced by Brazilian indigenous researchers that address Ethnomathematics; iii) Learn about theses and dissertations produced by Brazilian indigenous researchers that are inspired by Ethnomathematics; iv) Analyze concepts of Ethnomathematics by indigenous researchers in theses and dissertations; v) Verify concepts of mathematics by indigenous researchers in theses and dissertations; vi) Identify implicit or explicit contributions of Ethnomathematics to the development of indigenous school education according to Brazilian indigenous researchers. For the theoretical basis of the research, authors from the field of Mathematics Education who discuss Ethnomathematics, indigenous authorship, and indigenous school education were used. Methodologically, this is a bibliographical research, which is based on elements of a state of knowledge type research, with a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique is inspired by discursive textual analysis. As final results, it is possible to observe that there are approximately 769 research studies related to ethnomathematics in the catalog of theses and dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). However, it is somewhat difficult to identify indigenous authors among these studies, since few dissertations report the researcher's background. Some authors reveal ancestry, but do not state whether they actually identify as indigenous. Thus, 10 research studies of indigenous authors were selected. In the data analysis, the dissertations were read, and the data produced were unitized and categorized, which revealed concepts of ethnomathematics according to the definition of Ubiratan D’Ambrosio, who values mathematics in all contexts and peoples, and according to which these mathematics can meet the needs of these peoples, being useful according to their experiences and the way they are used in everyday life. The data also revealed concepts of mathematics, based on the recognition of specific knowledge related to counting systems, geometry, systems of measuring length, time and capacity. The possible contributions to indigenous school education are verified based on the recognition of the importance of Ethnomathematics in the context of indigenous school education and the relevance of valuing the traditional mathematical knowledge present in indigenous communities, with the appreciation of the cultures and mathematical knowledge of the original peoples. Therefore, we conclude that Ethnomathematics has a fundamental role in promoting a more inclusive school education, respecting and valuing the cultural and ethnic diversity of our country.