The present work addresses the issue of identification, territoriality and social confrontation of the Quilombolas community of Pedras Negras, located in the municipality of São Francisco do Guaporé, in Rondônia. Established in the 18th century, as a customs post, later as a colonial military square and, finally, a black territory of extractive communities, Pedras Negras survived from activities linked to rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Poaia (Carapichea ipecacuanha), from Brazil Chestnut (Bertholetia excelsia) and, from subsistence agriculture of Cassava (Manihot esculenta). In current times, ecotourism and ethnic, sports and environmental tourism have gained space in the region and the community has had access to new forms of income and work. The population of Pedras Negras has been seeking to regularize their ancestral territories since 2004. The process demanded from INCRA, produced an RTID (Technical Report on Identification and Delimitation) that has been paralyzed by instances of the Conciliation Chamber of the Presidency of the Republic since 2010 In 2016, INCRA issued Ordinance 175 / Incra / 2016, which recognizes the community's territoriality and allows access to credits and infrastructure, but the final title has not progressed. In addition to the struggle for land tenure regularization, marked by sparse progress and long periods of paralysis, members of the quilombola community suffer from practices of institutional racism and diverse violence. In 2019, a violent death shook the entire population of Pedras Negras and prompted police authorities to issue preventive detention for 5 members of the quilombo. This work proposes to analyze the recent evolution of the process of land regularization in the Community of Pedras Negras and the confrontations faced by the resident population in the face of arbitrary practices that have been preventing the definitive title of their territory. Specifically, the work focuses on the case of the arrest of a group of quilombolas in the community, notable as political leaders and managers in the region. As a research method, a wide review of bibliographic production, documentary research with INCRA, MPF, MPE / RO, TJ / RO, UNIR and Public Defender was carried out. Along with documentary research, the action research technique was developed to better recognize the community and the tensions experienced in extra-community relationships. The results demonstrate that the community has been suffering severe shakes in its stability and that the conflicts experienced, weaken its permanence and expose the area to the interests of large capitalist groups, intensifying the confrontation between quilombo residents and representative sectors of public authorities.