The protection and promotion of human rights within Mental Health Policies is receiving increasing attention, especially in Brazil's Anti-Asylum Policy. Resolution No. 487, dated February 15, 2023, from the National Council of Justice, marks a significant step by proposing guidelines for the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients, promoting psychosocial rehabilitation and social inclusion, aligned with the principles of the 1988 Federal Constitution. This policy, based on Federal Law No. 10,216, dated April 6, 2001, aims to replace the hospital-centric model with a Psychosocial Care Network that prioritizes care in freedom and community reintegration. This study investigates the impact of Resolution No. 487/2023 on the protection of the human rights of psychiatric patients and the effectiveness of Public Mental Health Policies in Brazil, focusing on the state of Rondônia. The analysis addresses the Resolution's compliance with constitutional principles, especially the dignity of the human person and the rights of people with mental disorders. The thematic choice is justified by the need for legal mechanisms and public policies that ensure the continuous protection of the rights of people with mental disorders in conflict with the law, promoting their rehabilitation and social inclusion. The study analyzes how these responsibilities can be distributed and coordinated among the Health, Justice, Social Assistance, and Education sectors. The methodology is qualitative, applied, descriptive, and exploratory, using methods of bibliographic and documentary data collection and analysis. For the analysis of iconographic elements (photographs), the French-origin Discursive Semiotics method is used, an approach that allows a deep interpretation of visual representations, understanding how images communicate and reinforce meanings related to human rights and the Anti-Asylum Policy. The research highlights the evolution of perceptions and treatments of madness in Western society from Antiquity to modern times, discusses the case of the Colônia Hospital in Barbacena, Minas Gerais, a milestone in the history of mental health in Brazil. It also traces the development of anti-asylum policies in Brazil and analyzes the application of penal sanctions to people with mental disorders, differentiating between penalties and security measures. The evaluation of Public Mental Health Policies in Brazil in light of Human Rights identifies gaps and suggests improvements for compliance with international standards, detailing the historical development and legal milestones of Mental Health Policies in the state of Rondônia. The analysis of Resolution No. 487/2023 includes its legal and social foundations and implications for the closure of custodial and psychiatric treatment institutions, as well as its compliance with Brazilian constitutional principles. The research addresses the conflicts between medical and judicial criteria in the application of the Resolution and the impacts on public policies and access to Justice in Rondônia. Data on the number of people with mental disorders sentenced in Rondônia are analyzed, and the most common diagnoses are classified, providing a detailed view of the challenges faced. The research proposes solutions to the main challenges in accessing Justice for people with mental disorders in Rondônia, contributing to the development of more effective and humane public policies.