SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN THE AMAZON: MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT
Sustainable tourism. Organizational sustainability. Indicators. Psychometric scale. Amazon.
Sustainability in tourism has ceased to be a differentiating factor and has become a strategic requirement to reconcile economic growth, environmental preservation, and sociocultural enhancement. In the Amazon, this urgency is intensified by the pressure on natural resources, socioeconomic inequalities, and institutional weaknesses. Despite advances in the global debate, the literature revealed a gap regarding the availability of validated instruments to measure, at the organizational level, sustainability practices in tourism. In this context, this dissertation aimed to develop, validate, and apply the Organizational Sustainability Measurement Scale in Tourism (EMSOT), designed to assess sustainable practices in organizations within the sector. The research was characterized as applied, qualitative-quantitative in nature, exploratory and descriptive, and structured in five sequential stages. Initially, a systematic literature review was conducted, based on the PRISMA protocol, to identify and organize sustainability indicators in tourism. Subsequently, the construction, structuring, and validation of EMSOT were carried out, including expert analyses, a pretest, and field application. Statistical data analysis employed the FACTOR software, with emphasis on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, supported by polychoric correlations and psychometric validity and reliability indicators. The results confirmed the robustness of the instrument, consolidated in 28 indicators distributed across four factors: Local Economic Development, Responsible Environmental Practices, Transparency and Social Engagement, and Environmental Planning and Impact Mitigation. The application in tourism organizations in the Amazon revealed stronger perceptions in the economic dimension and greater fragility in the integration with environmental practices, indicating the need for more coordinated public policies and organizational strategies. It is concluded that EMSOT represents a theoretical, methodological, and practical advancement by providing a validated instrument adapted to regional specificities and aligned with global frameworks such as TBL, CSR, ESG, and the Sustainable Development Goals.