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Amazon. Deforestation. Socio-spatial Formation.
In the Amazon, the territorial policies implemented since the 1960s have profoundly
transformed the landscape and the way of life of traditional populations. Driven by the
socio-spatial development and integration of the region, and more recently by the
incorporation of the Amazon into the globalized market, the region has long been the
focus of various economic projects, establishing it as an agricultural frontier. Starting in
the 1990s, territorial policies began to incorporate environmental concerns, framing the
region as a space for the conservation of socio-biodiversity. Currently, in the southern
part of the state of Amazonas, there is a resurgence of agricultural, mining, and energy
projects that encroach upon and create tension in protected areas and agrarian reform
territories, leading to increased deforestation and conflicts. Therefore, the aim of this
thesis was to analyze the socio-geographical processes that drive the expansion of the
capital frontier into protected and agrarian reform territories and the
territorialization/deterritorialization of traditional communities and peoples in the
southern region of the State of Amazonas, particularly in the municipalities of Humaitá,
Canutama, Lábrea, Boca do Acre, Novo Aripuanã, Apuí, and Manicoré. The
methodology included bibliographic, documental, cartographic research, and fieldwork.
It was observed that in the expansion of the frontier in southern Amazonas, the processes
mirror those that have occurred in the region since the 1960s; however, the
institutionalized territories through territorial planning now constitute the land reserves
into which the frontier expands. Thus, the contemporary frontier is one of expropriation,
destruction of nature, and the territorial rights of Amazonian peoples. Furthermore, the
territoriality of capital is also expressed through the weakening of environmental public
policies for the Amazon.