Hydropower Expansion in the Amazon Hydrographic Region: Territorial Implications and Challenges for Water Resources Management
Amazon River Basin; Hydroelectric Power Plants; Public Policy.
This research investigated the process of hydroelectric expansion in the Amazon River Basin, analyzing how the appropriation of water resources by hegemonic actors and the State reconfigures territorial organization and impacts local ways of life. Based on the dialectical method, the investigation articulates the concept of territory as a field of forces and power relations, where the territorialization of power plants results in the deterritorialization of traditional peoples and communities. The study area comprises the 11 hydrographic mesoregions of the Amazon, totaling approximately 13 million inhabitants distributed in contexts of low demographic density and high socio-environmental sensitivity. Methodologically, the study uses a literature and document review, in addition to the systematization of data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, allowing for a multiscale analysis of the phenomena. The partial results demonstrate that the water resource management policy, although based on principles of decentralization and participation, faces implementation challenges in the face of the centralizing logic of national energy planning. It is observed that mesoregions such as the Madeira River and Tapajós River are consolidating themselves as axes of tension, where the installation of networked infrastructure imposes changes in land use planning, including the alteration of conservation unit boundaries to accommodate reservoirs. It can be concluded that the current development model deepens socio-spatial inequalities in the Amazon, treating the river predominantly as a producer of electricity to the detriment of its dimension as a space for life and material reproduction for local populations.