A PROPOSAL FOR TEACHING ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM WITH THE USE OF EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR LEARNING IN INTEGRAL HIGH SCHOOL
Teaching product. Physics in high school. Experiments. Electricity. Magnetism.
With the evolution of science, one of the main challenges that the Physics teacher faces when trying to improve his classes, with new approaches in the school context, concerns the necessary infrastructure to implement them. Faced with this dilemma, this work is a proposal for teaching electricity and magnetism allied to the use of experimental apparatus, aiming its application in Full Time Schools. The proposal, contained in the teaching product Revista Experimental Gambiarra, consists of tutorials for the execution of four experiments in the classroom: Electrostatic Levitation, Memory Game with Arduino, Electric Helicopter and Electromagnet. These tutorials include a brief introduction with motivation, a suggested approach in the classroom, a description with photos of the materials used, the procedure for building the experiments and a small conclusion emphasizing the closing of the class. The magazine also contains tips on how to attract students’ interest in classes and other guidance to teachers in order to enable more effective learning. The Revista Experimental Gambiarra was developed based on the socioconstructivist theory of Lev Semenovich Vygotsky allied to the Pedagogy of Good Sense by Célestin Freinet, briefly described in this work, which also includes much of the physics involved in the four experiments. We briefly describe how the Full Time School model was created and how it works. During the application of the teaching product, which took place at the Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral Josino Brito, in Cacoal/RO, we highlight the preparation by the teacher of the four experiments of the teaching product. These experiments were reproduced by the students, which made possible a contextualized, attractive and stimulating class, where they could occupy a less passive and more dynamic position, leading their learning. The teaching product was conceived in an attempt to arouse the interest of students by innovating traditional lectures, in order to insert students in the construction of knowledge through experiments. There was a good acceptance, on the part of the students, of the experiments of the teaching product carried out in the classroom, a fact verified from the questionnaires answered by the students.