PHOTONS IN THE CLASSROOM: INTEGRATING PEDAGOGICAL THEORIES INTO TEACHING SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION
Solar energy. Physics teaching. Teaching methodology. Practical experimentation. Sustainability. Modern and Contemporary Physics.
This work was born from something simple, but essential: the desire to make Physics make sense to those who are learning. To take it off the board, away from loose formulas, and put it in direct contact with the students' reality. The proposal was to develop a practical activity on the conversion of solar energy into electricity, with students in the 1st year of High School. And the starting point was the photoelectric effect. Yes, the same one that many people only know from books. At first glance, it seems distant — something from a laboratory or college entrance exam. But when it is revealed that it is behind the solar panels that are appearing on rooftops everywhere, everything changes. The concept ceases to be an abstraction and begins to be part of the real world, directly linked to urgent issues such as energy use and the environmental challenges that are already knocking on our door. This version created by the students themselves was compared to commercial solar panels, promoting important reflections on efficiency, accessibility and innovation. The closing was marked by a collective discussion, in which the students analyzed data, connected knowledge and discussed the social and environmental impacts of the use of renewable sources. The result? A leap in the conceptual understanding of Physics, but also in the development of skills such as critical thinking, teamwork and communication. More than teaching formulas, this project showed that Physics can — and should — be a tool for transformation. By relating science and sustainability, the proposal encouraged students to see their role in the face of global challenges. This is what makes teaching powerful: when it transcends the classroom and touches the world outside.